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A&P > Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs > Flashcards

Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the lymphatic system

A

return leaking fluids from the blood vessels back into the bloodstream.

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of the lymphatic system

A

lymphatic vessels
lymph
lymph nodes

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3
Q

What problem does the lymphatic vessels remedy?

A

lymphatic vessels collect the extra fluid ( becomes lymph) bc blood capillaries leak fluid into extracellular tissue sites and that fluid has to be returned.

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4
Q

What is the flow of the lymph

A

lymph only flows in the direction of toward the heart

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5
Q

Define lacteals

A

transport fat from small intestines to bloodstream. Contains milky white lymph called chyle that flow into cisterna chyli

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6
Q

What are the 5 major lymphatic trucks

A 
lymbar
bronchomediastinal
subclavian
jugular trunks
intestinal trunk
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7
Q

What are the 2 lymphatic ducts

A

right lymphatic duct

thoracic duct

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8
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain to

A

drains lymph from the right upper limb and right side of head and the thorax

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9
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain into

A

receives lymph from rest of body. starts at the cisterna chyli

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10
Q

What are the 2 supporting lymphoid cells

A

dendritic cells

reticular cells

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11
Q

What is the job of the dendritic cells

A

process ( engulf) antigen and give them to the T cells

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12
Q

What is the job of the reticular cells?

A

produce reticular collagen fibers which support lymphoid organs and tissues

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13
Q

What organs are part of the primary lymphoid organs and what are there jobs

A

Red bone marrow: origin and where B cells mature

thymus: where T cells mature

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14
Q

What 5 organs are part of the secondary lymphoid organs?

A 
lymph nodes
spleen
tonsils
peyer's patches in small intestines 
appendix
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15
Q

What is the job of the secondary lymphoid organs

A

where mature lymphocytes are activated.1st encounter of antigens

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16
Q

What is the function of the primary lymphoid organs

A

places where B cells and T cells develop

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17
Q

What are 3 characteristics of secondary lymphoid organs

A

1) reticular fiber network
2) presence of lymphoid follicles
3) germinal centers: where B lymphocytes multiply

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18
Q

What is the difference between primary and seconday lymphoid follicles(2)

A

primary: “resting” follicles
secondary: “ active “ follicles. develops an immune response and develops germical centers

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19
Q

What is a germinal center

A

where b lymphocytes multiply

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20
Q

Where are lymph nodes located?

A

located along routes where lymphatic vessels to truck
i.e inguinal
axillary
cervical

21
Q

What are the 2 major functions of lymph nodes

A

1) Cleansing the lymph ( contains many immune cells)

2) Immune system activation

22
Q

Identify the structures of a lymph node and the order the lymph flows through?

A

Enters afferent vessels
then through subcapsular sinuses
into cortex then passes through lymphoid follicles
in follicles lymph passes through germinal centers…flowing into the medulla and through the medullary sinus
finally lymph exits through the efferent vessels at the hilum

23
Q

What is located in the subcapsular sinuses

A

has dendritic cells, macrophages

is where reticular fibers are located

24
Q

What is the medulla full of

A

B cells

25
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the spleen

A

1) Recycle worn and broken red blood cells
2) stores blood platelets and monocytes
3) can also induce erythropoiesis when red bone marrow can’t keep pace
4) contains half of the body’s monocytes

26
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

left side beneath diaphragm

27
Q

What are the 2 tissue types of the spleen

A

1) white pulp

2) red pulp

28
Q

What is white pulp

A

lymphocytes tissue around the splenic artery

29
Q

What is red pulp

A

place of destruction of RBCs and pathogens. Has many erythrocytes and macrophages. has only efferent lymphatic vessels

30
Q

Define MALT

A

MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE

31
Q

What is MALT

A

LYMPHOID TISSUE LOCATED WITHIN MUCUS MEMBRANES

32
Q

Where are the tonsils located and what are there purpose

A

ring of lymphoid tissue around entrance to pharynx and job is to trap microorganisms within tonsillar crypts

33
Q

What are the 4 main tonsils

A

1) paired palatine tonsils
2) lingual tonsil
3) pharyngeal tonsil
4) tubal tonsils

34
Q

What are peyer’s patches

A

full of immune cells which destroy pathogens associated with gut (GALT)
Located in the lowest portion of the small intestines
high during the ages of 15-25

35
Q

What is the function of the appendix

A

functions debatable but could store healthy microbiota for replacing colonies in the colon

36
Q

Describe changes in T cell maturation in the thymus throughout an individuals’ lifespan

A

thymmus grows during embryogenesis and through 1st year
thymus starts to degrade slowly after puberty with decreasing maturation of T cells
biggest contributor is age related disease

37
Q

What is Thymic involution

A

3% loss until 35-45 years, then 1% after that

sex hormones increase involution

38
Q

Describe Hassall’s corpuscles

A

produces regulatory T cells

prevent autoimmune responses by hunting down faulty T cells

39
Q

Define cisterna chyli

A

a dilated sac at the lower end of the thoracic duct in most mammals into which lymph frpm the intestinal truck and two lumbar lymphatic trucks flow

40
Q

What are shared characteristics of secondary lymphoid organs

A

reticular fiber network
presence of lymphoid follicles
mostly b cells and t cells

41
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary lymphoid follicles

A

primary: resting follicles
secondary: active follicles ( immune response) and develops germinal centers

42
Q

Define germinal centers

A

where B lymphocytes multiply

43
Q

Which direction does lymph flows

A

flows in the direction toward the heart

44
Q

How is lymph pushed back to the heart

A

skeletal muscles and breathing

45
Q

Where is lymph collected

A

lymphatic capillaries that are weaved around the blood capillaries and tissue cells

46
Q

Do lymphatic capillaries exist in bone and teeth

A

no

47
Q

How does the minivalve open

A

With increase interstitial fluid

48
Q

When does the minivalve close

A

pressure inside lymphatic vessels is greater then outside then it causes them to close

49
Q

Do lymphatic vessels contain more proteins or capillaries

A

contain more plasma proteins than capillaries

A&P (9 decks)

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