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ANATOMY LAB > LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND BLOOD TYPING > Flashcards

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND BLOOD TYPING Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphatic system, different parts and function

A

Lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues and organs

Transport escapes fluids back to blood

Essential role in body defense

Role in digestion

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2
Q

Lymph

A

Fluid carry by lymphatic vessels and within bodily tissues

It leaks out of capillaries and is Picked up by lymphatic vessels

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3
Q

function of lymphatic vessels

A

Moves lymph back towards the heart

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4
Q

What moves the lymph through the lymphatic vessel?

A

The skeletal muscle pump by the squeezing motion of skeletal muscles

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5
Q

What do valves in lymphatic vessels prevent?

A

Backflow of lymph

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6
Q

Lymph nodes are and defense cells are

A

Filter lymph before it is returned to blood

Macrophages and lymphocytes

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7
Q

Macrophages

A

En golf and destroy foreign subtances

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8
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Provide immune response to antigens

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9
Q

Harmful materials that may enter lymph vessels

A

Bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, and cell debris

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10
Q

Lymph nodes or what kind of shape

A

Kidney shaped

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11
Q

Cortex of lymph node

A

Outer part

contains follicles that house lymphocytes

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12
Q

Medulla of lymph node

A

Inner part

Contains macrophages

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13
Q

What vessels do lymph enter and exit from?

A

Enters through afferent vessels and exits through efferent vessels

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14
Q

Where does the lymph enter through from afferent lymphatic vessels?

A

Convex side

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15
Q

Lymph flows through a number of…

A

Sinuses inside the node

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16
Q

What causes the flow of lymph to be slowed?

A

By having fewer efferent than afferent vessels to allow it good time to filter the blood

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17
Q

Where do lymphatic vessels collect lymph from?

A

Lymph capillaries

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18
Q

Where does the lymphatic vessels return fluid to?

A

Circulatory veins near

the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

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19
Q

Lymphatic vessels carry lymph towards…

A

And away from lymph nodes

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20
Q

Lymphoid organs

A

Redbone marrow
Spleen
Thymus
Tonsils
Peyers patches
Appendix

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21
Q

What are the primary and secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Primary is thymus and red bone marrow

The rest are secondary

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22
Q

Red bone marrow and what lymphocytes mature is here

A

Site of lymphocyte production, the b cell matures

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23
Q

Spleen

A

Filters, blood and destroys worn out blood cells

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24
Q

Thymus and what lymphocyte maturity is here

A

Produces hormones to program lymphocytes and is where T cells mature

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25
Q

Tonsils

A

Trapped and removed bacteria and other foreign material

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26
Q

Peyers patch

A

Capture and destroy bacteria in the intestine

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27
Q

Appendix

A

Reservoir for gut bacteria, and assist in bone maturation

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28
Q

Primary lymphoid organs bone marrow

A

Where hematopoietic stem cells are, and they create all blood cells

All lymphocytes developed their except for T cells

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29
Q

Primary lymphoid organs thymus

A

T lymphocytes migrate from bone marrow to here

Develop maturity in thymus

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30
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs and tissues

A

Spleen lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoid, appendix, Peyers patches

Collections of B and t cells and macrophages

Function to trap, microorganisms, and foreign particles

Expose them to leukocytes and high concentration

31
Q

Which two secondary lymphoid organs filter, blood and lymph

A

Spleen and lymph nodes

32
Q

Spleen contribution to lymphatic function

A

Forms blood cells in the fetus

Ask as blood reservoir

Filters, blood and destroys worn our blood cells

33
Q

Thymus contribution to lymphatic function

A

Functions at peak levels during childhood

Produces hormones like to program lymphocytes

34
Q

Tonsils contribution to lymphatic function

A

Tonsillitis is caused by congestion with bacteria

Trapped and removed bacteria and other foreign materials

35
Q

Peyers patches contribution to lymphatic function

A

Resembles tonsils in structure

Found in wall of small intestines and capture and destroy bacteria in there

36
Q

B cell

A

Resides in lymph nodes, spleen, and forms plasma cells and memory cells

37
Q

Plasma cell

A

Antibody producing machine

38
Q

Helper T cell

A

Tau, the vines with specific antigen presented by macrophage to stimulate production of other immune cells

39
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

Killing virus invaded body cells

40
Q

Regulatory T cell

A

Slows or stop activity of B and T cells once the infection has been conquered

41
Q

Memory cell

A

Descendent of activated, B or T cell

can exist in body for years so we can respond quickly when it meets with the same antigen

42
Q

Antigen presenting cell

A

Macrophages or dendritic cell or b cell and t cell digest antigens that encounters and it presents them on its plasma memory for T cells to recognize to help with cell mediated responses

43
Q

Plasma cells

A

Produce antibodies

44
Q

What are antibodies also called

A

Immunoglobulins

45
Q

Five classes of antibodies

A

Igm
IGG
Igd
Iga
Ige

46
Q

Shapes of antibodies and what do they contain?

A

Y-shaped and contain antigen binding sites on arms

47
Q

Each antibody bind…

A

To a specific antigen

48
Q

Antibody functions

A

Bind specific antigen

Aids in inactivation or destruction of antigen

49
Q

Igm and location

A

Can’t go through placenta barrier and is usually the first one secreted

B cell

50
Q

IGG and location

A

Most abundant antibody

Can go through placenta barrier

In plasma

51
Q

Igd and location

A

Eliminate self reactive B cell attached to B cell

52
Q

Iga and location

A

For secretions

In saliva and tears

53
Q

Ige and location

A

Find to receptors on mask cells

Secreted by plasma cells

54
Q

How are blood types classified?

A

According to antigens found plasma membrane of erythrocytes

55
Q

Blood plasma contains antibodies…

A

That target antigens

56
Q

Two blood groups classification

A

ABO blood group based on presents or absence of a and b antigens

Blood groups based on presents or absence of rh antigens

57
Q

Blood type, a

A

A antigens

Anti-B antibodies

Can receive type A and type o

58
Q

Blood type B

A

Be antigens

Anti a antibodies

Can receive from type B and type o blood

59
Q

Blood type, Ab

A

Both a and b antigens

No, anti a or anti bb antibodies

Ab plus is universal recipient and can receive from all blood type

60
Q

Blood type O

A

No a or B antigens

Both anti b and Anti b antibodies

Oh minus is the universal donor and can donate to anyone and can only receive type o blood

61
Q

Most people in the US are rh

A

Positive

62
Q

Rh negative individuals do not have…

A

RH antibodies in their plasma

63
Q

What happens if a Rh negative receives blood from a Rh positive?

A

They will have a transfusion reaction

64
Q

How to type blood

A

Collect a blood sample from patient

Add one I drop of blood from sample to each well on blood typing tray

Add antibody serums such as adding antibody A serum to the A section

The mix components of each section with the separate toothpick

65
Q

How to read blood typing results

A

Antibodies in the serum will interact with the antigens present within the blood

If antigens are present in the blood cell interaction with the antibodies in the serum will cause agglutination

66
Q

Agglutination

A

Clumping of particles in the blood

67
Q

How many antigens can a single antibody bind to at a time?

A

Two

68
Q

And what three regions of the body would you most likely to expect to see Buboes or swollen lymph nodes that turn black

A

Auxiliary cervical and inguinal region

69
Q

When performing a blood typing test it is important to use separate toothpicks to mix the blood with the antibody serum. Why?

A

To prevent cross-contamination, using the same toothpick could introduce serum and blood cells from another well that you created

70
Q

Who is universal recipient and donor?

A

Ab plus

O minus

71
Q

What is the antigen and antibody?

A

Antigen are on plasma membranes of RBC and

antibodies are free in the plasma and bind to antigens to cause aglutennation

72
Q

Why would a paraplegic have problems with lymphedema?

A

Since they can’t move, they have a lot of circulation of lymph and muscle contractions allow for the lymph to go through the lymphatic vessels without movement they can cause blockage and swelling

73
Q

In lymph nodes, are there more efferent or efferent lymphatic vessels? And why

A

There are more Afrin lymphatic vessels, so they have less exit points. They don’t want lymph to leave immediately to give it time to filter out the pathogens before leaving.

ANATOMY LAB (10 decks)

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