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Human Anatomy 1 > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphatic system

A

A series of vessels that clean out the body or transfer body fluids.

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2
Q

Lymphatic pathways start as what?

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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3
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A

Are tiny closed ended tubes that extend into interstitial spaces

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4
Q

Lymph

A

Tissue fluid inside of lymphatic capillaries

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5
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

Their walls are thinner than those of veins but are constructed with the same three layers with flaplike valves on the inside that helps prevent back flow of lymph

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6
Q

Lymphatic trunks

A

Drain lymph from the body and are named for the regions they drain

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7
Q

What are the two collection ducts?

A

Thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct

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8
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain?

A

into the left subclavian vein

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9
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain?

A

Into the right subclavian vein

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10
Q

What drives lymph into the lymphatic capillaries?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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11
Q

Lymphedema

A

When the lymphatic vessels or tissues are removed or disturbed. (Swelling in an arm or leg caused by a lymphatic system blockage)

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12
Q

What do lymph nodes contain? 2

A

Lymphocytes and macrophages (they phagotize things)

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13
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Are small filters that clean lymph as it flows through the node. They are centers of lymphocyte production. They contain lymphocytes and macrophages.

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14
Q

Tonsils

A

Partially encapsulated lymph nodules. Collection of lymphatic tissue. They are a type of lymph node

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15
Q

Thymus

A

A soft bi-lobed organ located behind the sternum; it shrinks in size during the lifetime (large in children; microscopic in the elderly). Contains lobules which mature into t lymphocytes. It secrets the hormone tymosin

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16
Q

Lobules

A

They contain lymphocytes some of which mature into t lymphocytes

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17
Q

Tymosin

A

A hormone that influences the maturation of t lymphocytes once they leave the thymus

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18
Q

Spleen

A

It lies in the upper left abdominal cavity. It resembles a large lymph node excepts that it contains blood instead of lymph. Inside the spleen is white pulp (contains many lymphocytes) and red pulp (contains RBCs, macrophages, and lymphocytes)

19
Q

Pathogens

A

Disease causing antigens. They can produce infection within the body

20
Q

What are the two lines of defense against pathogens?

A

Innate (nonspecific) defenses and adaptive (specific) defenses.

21
Q

Specific defenses

A

Are carried out by lymphocytes that recognize a specific invader

22
Q

Nonspecific defenses

A

Work together to protect the body against infection (they’re not smart and can’t remember the disease that they encountered before)

23
Q

Species resistance

A

The internal environment is different in humans than animals so these pathogens (from other animals) usually can’t live. Non-specific defense

24
Q

Mechanical barriers

A

The unbroken skin and mucous membranes create mechanical barriers that prevent the entry of certain pathogens. They are the first line of defense. Non-specific defense

25
Q

Chemical barriers

A

Highly acidic and caustic environment provided by gastric juice, or lyzozyme in tears, kill many pathogens. Non-specific

26
Q

Interferons

A

Hormone- like peptides that serve as antiviral substances. (they are sent out to warn other cells that something bad is coming and that they should prepare themselves)

27
Q

Natural Killer cells (NK cells)

A

Defend the body against various viruses and cancer cells by secreting cytolytic subtances called perforins. (type of lymphocyte. They self destruct and kill your cells plus the bad ones) nonspecific

28
Q

Inflammation

A

A tissue response to a pathogen. Allows to fight infection. Dilates blood vessels and lets more blood go there. (WBC increase cause more blood is going there) and lets fibroblasts go there. Nonspecific

29
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The most active phagocytes are neutrophils and monocytes. Neutrophils engulf smaller particles and monocytes attack larger ones. Monocytes also give rise to macrophages. nonspecific

30
Q

Fever

A

Is a powerful protection against infection. It creates heat so that bacterial growth is harder. nonspecific

31
Q

Immunity

A

It refers to the response mounted by the body against specific recognized foreign molecules. Specific

32
Q

Cellular immunity

A

Cell-mediated (t cell) They attack the cell by themselves

33
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Antibody mediated (b cell). They send out antibodies to bind to antigen, render it harmless, and tag is for destruction.

34
Q

Antigens

A

Trigger an immune response.

35
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Specific immunity depends on lymphocytes. Types of lymphocytes that circulate the blood are t-cells, b-cells, and natural killer cells.

36
Q

T cells

A

Directly attack and destroy the invader. Stored in thymus

37
Q

B cells

A

They send out antibodies to bind to antigen, render it harmless, and tag is for destruction. Some b cells differentiate into memory cells. Stored in bone marrow

38
Q

How many different antibodies does the immune system produce?

A

As many as 2 million

39
Q

Antibody actions 3

A

Direct attack, activation of complement, or stimulation of changes in areas that help prevent the spread of the pathogens

40
Q

What are the four classifications of immunity

A

Naturally acquired active immunity (occurs after exposure to the antigen). Artificially acquired active immunity (Occurs through the use of vaccines). Artificially acquired passive immunity (involves the injection of gamma globulins containing antibodies and is short lived) Naturally acquired passive immunity (occurs as antibodies are passed form mother to fetus and is short-lived)

41
Q

Allergic reaction

A

Allergic reaction to allergens are excessive immune responses that may lead to tissues damage.

42
Q

Delayed reaction allergy

A

Results from repeated exposure to substances that cause inflammatory reactions in the skin

43
Q

Autoimmune disorders

A

The immune system manufactures antibodies against some of its own antigens.

Human Anatomy 1 (12 decks)

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