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Human Anatomy 1 > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

The skin

A

The largest organ in the body

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2
Q

Epidermis

A

Stratified squamous epithelium tissue. Contains 5 layer

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3
Q

Dermis

A

Connective tissue layer. Below epidermis. It is elastic but flexible.

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4
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous layer. Skin rests here. Injections happen here. Has more adipose than dermis. Also known as subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia

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5
Q

Keratin

A

A water proofing agent

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6
Q

Macrophage cells

A

White bloods cells that engulf invading tissue

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7
Q

What is the dermis composed of? 4

A

Collagen, elastic & reticular fibers, fibroblasts & accessory structures such as hair follicles and glands.

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8
Q

Dermal Papillae

A

Upward extensions of the dermis into the epidermis forming the ridges of the fingerprints

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9
Q

Dermis layers 2

A

Papillary layer (upper layer) is areolar tissue and dermal papillae of upper 1/5 of the dermis. And reticular layer is the deeper part of the dermis

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10
Q

Functions of the hypodermis? 2

A

Energy reservoir, and thermal insulation

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11
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Red pigment of red blood cells. Visible through dermal collagen fibers. Carries oxygen in the blood

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12
Q

Carotene

A

Yellow pigment of vegetables and egg yolks. Concentrates in istratum and corneum and subcutaneous fat.

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13
Q

Melanin

A

Pigment produced by melanocytes. Pigment synthesis stimulated by UV radiation from sunlight. Produces yellow, brown, black, and reddish hues

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14
Q

Functions of the skin 5 or 6

A

Barrier, Vitamin D synthesis, sensory functions, thermoregulation=thermoreceptors and sweat glands, psychological and social functions.

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15
Q

What are hair and nails composed of?

A

Hard keratin. Chemically toughened

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16
Q

What are the two parts of the hair?

A

The shaft-visible above skin. The root-below within follicle

17
Q

Follicle

A

The oblique tube within the skin

18
Q

The bulb

A

The swelling base where hair originates

19
Q

How does hair get its pigment?

A

From the cells in the cortex

20
Q

Piloerector muscle

A

What creates goose bumps

21
Q

Functions of hair?

A

Provide warmth and alert us to parasites crawling on skin. Scalp hair provides heat retention and sunburn cover. Guard hairs and eyelashes prevent foreign objects from getting in nose, ears, or eyes. Expression of emotions with your eyebrows

22
Q

Nails

A

They are part of the integumentary system. Clear hard derivative of stratum corneum. Flat nails allow for fleshy sensitive fingertips. Growth rate is 1mm per week. (Lots of free nerve endings and good blood supply)

23
Q

Cutaneous glands 4

A

Sweat, sebaceous, ceruminous, and mammary glands

24
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

Merocrine (a simple tubular gland, used to cool the body) and Apocrine (produces sweat containing fatty acids aka smelly sweat)

25
Q

The function of sweat gland

A

Filtrate of plasma containing some waist product. 500ml of insensible perspiration a day.

26
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

Produces an oily secretion called sebum that contains broken down cells.

27
Q

What is sebum?

A

It is produced by sebaceous glands and helps keep water in the body.

28
Q

Ceruminous Glands

A

Found only in the external ear canal. Their secretion and sebum combined creates earwax.

29
Q

What are the causes of death from burns? 3

A

Fluid loss, infection, and effects of (eschar) dead tissue

30
Q

1st degree burn

A

Only the epidermis is burned. A partial thickness burn

31
Q

2nd degree burn

A

Epidermis and part of the dermis are burned. Epidermis regenerates from hair follicles and sweat glands. A partial thickness burn

32
Q

3rd degree burn

A

Epidermis, dermis, and more (hypodermis, muscle, ect.) is burned. Often requires grafts or fibrosis and disfigurement may occur. A full thickness burn

33
Q

What are “tanning rays and burning rays” proper names?

A

UVA and UVB. They are both thought to initiate skin cancer.

34
Q

What are the three skin graft options

A

Autograft-tissue form different regions of the patient, Isograft-skin graft tissues form identical twins, and cultured keratinocyte patches

35
Q

What are the four temporary skin graft options?

A

Hemograft-graft from unrelated person, heterograft-tissue from another species, amnion- from an after birth, artificial- skin from silicone and collagen.

Human Anatomy 1 (12 decks)

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