Integumentary

Question 1

The skin

Answer 1

The largest organ in the body

Question 2

Epidermis

Answer 2

Stratified squamous epithelium tissue. Contains 5 layer

Question 3

Dermis

Answer 3

Connective tissue layer. Below epidermis. It is elastic but flexible.

Question 4

Hypodermis

Answer 4

Subcutaneous layer. Skin rests here. Injections happen here. Has more adipose than dermis. Also known as subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia

Question 5

Keratin

Answer 5

A water proofing agent

Question 6

Macrophage cells

Answer 6

White bloods cells that engulf invading tissue

Question 7

What is the dermis composed of? 4

Answer 7

Collagen, elastic & reticular fibers, fibroblasts & accessory structures such as hair follicles and glands.

Question 8

Dermal Papillae

Answer 8

Upward extensions of the dermis into the epidermis forming the ridges of the fingerprints

Question 9

Dermis layers 2

Answer 9

Papillary layer (upper layer) is areolar tissue and dermal papillae of upper 1/5 of the dermis. And reticular layer is the deeper part of the dermis

Question 10

Functions of the hypodermis? 2

Answer 10

Energy reservoir, and thermal insulation

Question 11

Hemoglobin

Answer 11

Red pigment of red blood cells. Visible through dermal collagen fibers. Carries oxygen in the blood

Question 12

Carotene

Answer 12

Yellow pigment of vegetables and egg yolks. Concentrates in istratum and corneum and subcutaneous fat.

Question 13

Melanin

Answer 13

Pigment produced by melanocytes. Pigment synthesis stimulated by UV radiation from sunlight. Produces yellow, brown, black, and reddish hues

Question 14

Functions of the skin 5 or 6

Answer 14

Barrier, Vitamin D synthesis, sensory functions, thermoregulation=thermoreceptors and sweat glands, psychological and social functions.

Question 15

What are hair and nails composed of?

Answer 15

Hard keratin. Chemically toughened

Question 16

What are the two parts of the hair?

Answer 16

The shaft-visible above skin. The root-below within follicle

Question 17

Follicle

Answer 17

The oblique tube within the skin

Question 18

The bulb

Answer 18

The swelling base where hair originates

Question 19

How does hair get its pigment?

Answer 19

From the cells in the cortex

Question 20

Piloerector muscle

Answer 20

What creates goose bumps

Question 21

Functions of hair?

Answer 21

Provide warmth and alert us to parasites crawling on skin. Scalp hair provides heat retention and sunburn cover. Guard hairs and eyelashes prevent foreign objects from getting in nose, ears, or eyes. Expression of emotions with your eyebrows

Question 22

Nails

Answer 22

They are part of the integumentary system. Clear hard derivative of stratum corneum. Flat nails allow for fleshy sensitive fingertips. Growth rate is 1mm per week. (Lots of free nerve endings and good blood supply)

Question 23

Cutaneous glands 4

Answer 23

Sweat, sebaceous, ceruminous, and mammary glands

Question 24

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 24

Merocrine (a simple tubular gland, used to cool the body) and Apocrine (produces sweat containing fatty acids aka smelly sweat)

Question 25

The function of sweat gland

Answer 25

Filtrate of plasma containing some waist product. 500ml of insensible perspiration a day.

Question 26

Sebaceous Glands

Answer 26

Produces an oily secretion called sebum that contains broken down cells.

Question 27

What is sebum?

Answer 27

It is produced by sebaceous glands and helps keep water in the body.

Question 28

Ceruminous Glands

Answer 28

Found only in the external ear canal. Their secretion and sebum combined creates earwax.

Question 29

What are the causes of death from burns? 3

Answer 29

Fluid loss, infection, and effects of (eschar) dead tissue

Question 30

1st degree burn

Answer 30

Only the epidermis is burned. A partial thickness burn

Question 31

2nd degree burn

Answer 31

Epidermis and part of the dermis are burned. Epidermis regenerates from hair follicles and sweat glands. A partial thickness burn

Question 32

3rd degree burn

Answer 32

Epidermis, dermis, and more (hypodermis, muscle, ect.) is burned. Often requires grafts or fibrosis and disfigurement may occur. A full thickness burn

Question 33

What are "tanning rays and burning rays" proper names?

Answer 33

UVA and UVB. They are both thought to initiate skin cancer.

Question 34

What are the three skin graft options

Answer 34

Autograft-tissue form different regions of the patient, Isograft-skin graft tissues form identical twins, and cultured keratinocyte patches

Question 35

What are the four temporary skin graft options?

Answer 35

Hemograft-graft from unrelated person, heterograft-tissue from another species, amnion- from an after birth, artificial- skin from silicone and collagen.