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Human Anatomy 1 > Cellular Form and Function > Flashcards

Cellular Form and Function Flashcards

1
Q

A cell

A

The simplest structural and functional unit of life. They come from preexisting cells.

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2
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Defines cell boundaries. Controls interactions with other cells, passage of materials in/out of cells.

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3
Q

Membrane Lipids

A

Constitute 90 to 99% of the plasma membrane (majority of the wall are phospholipids

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4
Q

Membrane Protein Functions 8

A

Receptors, second messengers systems, enzymes, channel proteins, carriers, motor molecules, cell-identity markers, and cell-adhesion molecules.

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5
Q

Cell identity markers

A

Enables body to identify “self” from foreign invaders

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6
Q

Cell adhesion molecules

A

Adhere cells together and to extracellular materials

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7
Q

Microvilli

A

Extensions of plasma membrane. Finger like projections, Protein filaments. They increase surface area for absorption, and milking actions (idk)

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8
Q

Cilia

A

Hairlike projections. 50-200 on one cell in respiratory or uterine tube to move mucus.

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9
Q

Cysitc Fibrosis

A

Cilia can’t beat and the mucus is too thick.

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10
Q

Passive transport

A

Requires no ATP and opens pores and such. Movement of particles down their concentration gradient.

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11
Q

Active transport

A

Requires ATP. (Like putting perfume smells back into a bottle). Movement of particle against their concentration gradient.

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12
Q

Filtration

A

Movement of particle through a selectively permeable membrane by hydrostatic pressure.

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13
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

The force exerted on the membrane by water.

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14
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Movement of particles at a result of their constant random motion. Things going from a high concentration to a low concentration.

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15
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. (The spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides)

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16
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Amount of hydrostatic pressure required to stop osmosis.

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17
Q

Tonicity

A

Ability of a solution to affect fluid volume and pressure within a cell. (worries that too much or not enough osmosis will happen and cell will die)

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18
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

Has high water concentration. Cells in this solution would absorb water, swell and may burst.

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19
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

Low water concentration. Cells in this solution would lose water and shrivel.

20
Q

Isotonic solution

A

Normal saline. Normal levels for osmosis

21
Q

Carrier mediated transport

A

Proteins carry colutes across cell membranes. Also, they require energy cause they’re moving into different concentration. Types of carrier mediated transport are facilitated diffusion and active transport.

22
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Carrier-mediated, passive transport of solute across membrane down its concentration gradient

23
Q

Active transport

A

Carrier-mediated, active transport of solute across membrane against its concentration gradient. Energy required.

24
Q

Vesicular Transport

A

Transport of large particles or fluid droplets through membrane in bubblelike vesicles of plasma membrane, uses ATP

25
Q

Exocytosis

A

vesicular transport out of cell. Eliminating or secreting material from cell or replacement of plasma membrane

26
Q

Endocytosis

A

vesicular transport into cell

27
Q

Phagocytosis

A

engulfing large particles by pseudopods

28
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Taking in fluid droplets. Cell drinking. Cell takes in droplets of ECF (extra cellular fluid). Plasma membrane dimples, then pinches off as pinocytotic vesicle in the cytoplasm

29
Q

Receptor mediated endocytosis

A

taking in specific molecules

30
Q

The Cytoplasm

A

Everything inside the cell. Goopy stuff in cells

31
Q

Organelles

A

Surrounded by membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, lysosome, perioxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi. Not surrounded by membrane, ribosome, centrosome, centriole, basal bodies.

32
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Collection of microfilaments and microtubules. Collection of filaments and tubules that provide internal support and movement of cell

33
Q

Inclusions

A

Stored products. No unit membrane. Not an organelle.

34
Q

Nucleus

A

Largest organelle

35
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

The dense part of the nucleus.

36
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum 2

A

Rough ER, and smooth ER

37
Q

Rough ER

A

Extensive sheets of parallel unit membranes covered with ribosomes, continuous with nuclear envelope. Function in protein synthesis and production of cell membranes. Protein synthesis

38
Q

Smooth ER

A

Lack ribosomes, continuous with rough ER, function in lipid synthesis, detoxification, calcium storage. Lipid synthesis

39
Q

Ribosomes

A

Small dark granules of protein and RNA free in cytosol or on surface of rough ER. Interpret the genetic code and synthesize polypeptides

40
Q

Golgi Complex

A

Synthesizes CHO’s, processes proteins from RER and packages them into golgi vesicles

41
Q

Lysosomes

A

Package of enzymes in a single unit membrane, variable in shape

42
Q

Lysosomes Functions 4

A

Intracellular digestion - hydrolyze proteins, nucleic acids, complex carbohydrates, phospholipids and other substrates
Autophagy - the digestion of worn out organelles and mitochondrion
Autolysis - programmed cell death
Glucose mobilization- lysosomes in liver cells break down glycogen

43
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Where we remake ATP. Power house cell. Only live a short period of time.

44
Q

Centrioles

A

Short cylindrical assembly of microtubules, arranged in nine groups of three microtubules each. Two centrioles, perpendicular to each other, lie near the nucleus in an area called the centrosome.

45
Q

Microtubules

A

Hold organelles in place and maintain cell shape

Human Anatomy 1 (12 decks)

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