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Human Anatomy 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Organism

A

Something composed of organ systems (a human)

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

Dynamic state in which the body’s internal environment is maintained in the normal range.

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3
Q

Negative feedback loops

A

The body senses a change and activates mechanisms to reverse it.

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4
Q

Human Thermoregulation

A

Keeps body a constant temperature and maintains homeostasis.

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5
Q

Positive feedback loops

A

The body senses a change and stimulates that action to become more intense (blood clotting or childbirth)

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6
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of organisms and their parts

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7
Q

Physiology

A

The study of bodily functions by use of methods and experimental science

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8
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Person stands, feet flat on floor, arms at side, palms facing forward. The standard frame of reference for anatomical descriptions.

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9
Q

Supine

A

Laying on your back (spine)

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10
Q

Prone

A

Laying on your stomach

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11
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides body into right and left halves

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12
Q

Transverse (horizontal) Plane

A

Divides body into top and bottom

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13
Q

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

A

Divides body into front and back

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14
Q

Axial Region

A

Head, neck, and trunk

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15
Q

Appendicular Region

A

Upper and lower limbs

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16
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

Contains the cranial and vertebral cavities

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17
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

Contains the thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavity.

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18
Q

Viscera

A

Organs

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19
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Holds the lungs

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20
Q

Mediastinum

A

Separates left and right pleural cavities (has esophagus and trachea)

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21
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Contains the heart

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22
Q

Mesentery

A

Keeps organs in place

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23
Q

Elements

A

Individual atoms that behave differently

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24
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in the nucleus

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25
Protons
Positive charge
26
Neutrons
Neutral charge
27
Electrons
Negative charge (revolve around the nucleus)
28
Ions
They carry a charge (unequal numbers of protons and electrons)
29
Anions
An atom that gained an electron. It has a negative charge
30
Cation
An atom that lost an electron. It has a positive charge
31
Electrolytes
Ionze dissolved in water
32
Free Radicals
A particle with an odd number of electrons. Very reactive
33
Antioxidants
Neutralizes free radicals
34
Molecules
Two or more atoms of the same element covalently bonded.
35
Compounds
Two or more atoms of different elements covalently bonded
36
Molecular formula
O2 (itemizes each element present and its quantity
37
Structural Formula
Shows arrangement of atoms (pics with lines in between the letters)
38
Solvency
Ability to dissolve matter
39
Hydrophilic
Charged substances that dissolve easily in water
40
Hydrophobic
Neutral substances that do not easily dissolve in water
41
Heat capacity
Amount of heat required to rais the temperature of 1g of substance by 1 'C
42
Calorie
Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 'C
43
Mixtures
Substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined
44
Solutions
Super tiny particles dissolved in a mixture. Will not undissolve, typically clear, so small that they can pass through membranes
45
Colloids
Larger molecules dissolved into a mixture. Won't undissolve. Typically cloudy.
46
Suspensions
Large molecules dissolved into a mixture. Will separate. Cloudy or opaque.
47
Acid
A proton donor
48
Base
A proton acceptor
49
pH
Measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution
50
Waters pH level
7
51
Energy
The capacity to do work
52
Kinetic energy
Energy in motion
53
Potential Energy
Inherent energy due to an objects position or internal state
54
Chemical energy
Potential energy stored in molecular bonds
55
Electromagnetic energy
Kinetic energy of photons (light, UV, X rays
56
Chemical reaction
A chemical bond that is formed or broken
57
Decomposition reaction
A single element that breaks down into multiple elements
58
Synthesis reaction
When multiple reactants combine to form a single product
59
Exchange reaction
The exchange of ions between two substances
60
Metabolism
All the chemical reactions of the body
61
Catabolism
Energy releasing decomposition of reactions
62
Anabolism
Energy releasing synthesis of reactions
63
Organic Molecules 5
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleotides and nucleic acids.
64
Carbon
Bonds readily with other carbon atoms. Forms long carbon chains that are the backbone for organic molecules
65
Carbohydrates
Hydrophilic organic molecule. Our source of energy. Word root sacchar- and suffix -ose are often used for carbs
66
Monosaccharides
Simples carbohydrate. Three major monos are glucose, galactose, and fructose
67
Disaccharides
Pairs of monosaccharides
68
Polysaccharides
Starch, cellulose, and glycogen
69
Glycogen
An energy storage polysaccharide. Body breaks carbs down into glycogen then changes them into glucose.
70
Lipids
Hydrophobic organic molecule. Has more energy than carbs, but takes longer to work.
71
Proteins
A large molecule (polymer) of amino acids
72
Protein functions 8
Makes collagen, keratin. Cell receptors, catalysis (enzymes are proteins), recognition and protection, movement (muscle contractions), cell adhesion.
73
Enzymes
Makes a reaction happen quicker.
74
Substrate
The substance an enzyme acts on.
75
Nucleotides
Help build ATP?
76
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate. The universal energy carrying molecule.
77
Glycosis
Breaking down glucose to reproduce ATP
78
Anaerobic Fermentation
If no oxygen is available pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid (build up causes muscle soreness). Works well and fast, but doesn't last long.
79
Aerobic Respiration
If oxygen is available pyruvic acid is efficiently consumed. (aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondrion)
80
The nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
81
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid. Contains the genetic code for cell division, sexual reproduction, and the instructions for protein synthesis.
82
RNA
Ribonucleic acid. Carries out instructions given by DNA. Also, synthesizes the proteins coded for by DNA

Human Anatomy 1 (12 decks)

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