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Human Anatomy 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Organism

A

Something composed of organ systems (a human)

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

Dynamic state in which the body’s internal environment is maintained in the normal range.

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3
Q

Negative feedback loops

A

The body senses a change and activates mechanisms to reverse it.

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4
Q

Human Thermoregulation

A

Keeps body a constant temperature and maintains homeostasis.

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5
Q

Positive feedback loops

A

The body senses a change and stimulates that action to become more intense (blood clotting or childbirth)

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6
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of organisms and their parts

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7
Q

Physiology

A

The study of bodily functions by use of methods and experimental science

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8
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Person stands, feet flat on floor, arms at side, palms facing forward. The standard frame of reference for anatomical descriptions.

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9
Q

Supine

A

Laying on your back (spine)

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10
Q

Prone

A

Laying on your stomach

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11
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides body into right and left halves

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12
Q

Transverse (horizontal) Plane

A

Divides body into top and bottom

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13
Q

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

A

Divides body into front and back

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14
Q

Axial Region

A

Head, neck, and trunk

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15
Q

Appendicular Region

A

Upper and lower limbs

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16
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

Contains the cranial and vertebral cavities

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17
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

Contains the thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavity.

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18
Q

Viscera

A

Organs

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19
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Holds the lungs

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20
Q

Mediastinum

A

Separates left and right pleural cavities (has esophagus and trachea)

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21
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Contains the heart

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22
Q

Mesentery

A

Keeps organs in place

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23
Q

Elements

A

Individual atoms that behave differently

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24
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in the nucleus

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25
Q

Protons

A

Positive charge

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26
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral charge

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27
Q

Electrons

A

Negative charge (revolve around the nucleus)

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28
Q

Ions

A

They carry a charge (unequal numbers of protons and electrons)

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29
Q

Anions

A

An atom that gained an electron. It has a negative charge

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30
Q

Cation

A

An atom that lost an electron. It has a positive charge

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31
Q

Electrolytes

A

Ionze dissolved in water

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32
Q

Free Radicals

A

A particle with an odd number of electrons. Very reactive

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33
Q

Antioxidants

A

Neutralizes free radicals

34
Q

Molecules

A

Two or more atoms of the same element covalently bonded.

35
Q

Compounds

A

Two or more atoms of different elements covalently bonded

36
Q

Molecular formula

A

O2 (itemizes each element present and its quantity

37
Q

Structural Formula

A

Shows arrangement of atoms (pics with lines in between the letters)

38
Q

Solvency

A

Ability to dissolve matter

39
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Charged substances that dissolve easily in water

40
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Neutral substances that do not easily dissolve in water

41
Q

Heat capacity

A

Amount of heat required to rais the temperature of 1g of substance by 1 ‘C

42
Q

Calorie

A

Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 ‘C

43
Q

Mixtures

A

Substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined

44
Q

Solutions

A

Super tiny particles dissolved in a mixture. Will not undissolve, typically clear, so small that they can pass through membranes

45
Q

Colloids

A

Larger molecules dissolved into a mixture. Won’t undissolve. Typically cloudy.

46
Q

Suspensions

A

Large molecules dissolved into a mixture. Will separate. Cloudy or opaque.

47
Q

Acid

A

A proton donor

48
Q

Base

A

A proton acceptor

49
Q

pH

A

Measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution

50
Q

Waters pH level

A

7

51
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to do work

52
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy in motion

53
Q

Potential Energy

A

Inherent energy due to an objects position or internal state

54
Q

Chemical energy

A

Potential energy stored in molecular bonds

55
Q

Electromagnetic energy

A

Kinetic energy of photons (light, UV, X rays

56
Q

Chemical reaction

A

A chemical bond that is formed or broken

57
Q

Decomposition reaction

A

A single element that breaks down into multiple elements

58
Q

Synthesis reaction

A

When multiple reactants combine to form a single product

59
Q

Exchange reaction

A

The exchange of ions between two substances

60
Q

Metabolism

A

All the chemical reactions of the body

61
Q

Catabolism

A

Energy releasing decomposition of reactions

62
Q

Anabolism

A

Energy releasing synthesis of reactions

63
Q

Organic Molecules 5

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleotides and nucleic acids.

64
Q

Carbon

A

Bonds readily with other carbon atoms. Forms long carbon chains that are the backbone for organic molecules

65
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Hydrophilic organic molecule. Our source of energy. Word root sacchar- and suffix -ose are often used for carbs

66
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simples carbohydrate. Three major monos are glucose, galactose, and fructose

67
Q

Disaccharides

A

Pairs of monosaccharides

68
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Starch, cellulose, and glycogen

69
Q

Glycogen

A

An energy storage polysaccharide. Body breaks carbs down into glycogen then changes them into glucose.

70
Q

Lipids

A

Hydrophobic organic molecule. Has more energy than carbs, but takes longer to work.

71
Q

Proteins

A

A large molecule (polymer) of amino acids

72
Q

Protein functions 8

A

Makes collagen, keratin. Cell receptors, catalysis (enzymes are proteins), recognition and protection, movement (muscle contractions), cell adhesion.

73
Q

Enzymes

A

Makes a reaction happen quicker.

74
Q

Substrate

A

The substance an enzyme acts on.

75
Q

Nucleotides

A

Help build ATP?

76
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate. The universal energy carrying molecule.

77
Q

Glycosis

A

Breaking down glucose to reproduce ATP

78
Q

Anaerobic Fermentation

A

If no oxygen is available pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid (build up causes muscle soreness). Works well and fast, but doesn’t last long.

79
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

If oxygen is available pyruvic acid is efficiently consumed. (aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondrion)

80
Q

The nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA

81
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid. Contains the genetic code for cell division, sexual reproduction, and the instructions for protein synthesis.

82
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid. Carries out instructions given by DNA. Also, synthesizes the proteins coded for by DNA

Human Anatomy 1 (12 decks)

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