Digestion

Question 1

Digestion

Answer 1

It refers to the mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods so that nutrients can be absorbed by cells. It consists of the alimentary canal

Question 2

Alimentary canal

Answer 2

It leads from the mouth to anus, and several accessory organs whose secretion aid the processes of digestion. It’s a muscular tube about 9 meters long that passes through the body’s ventral cavity. Consists of four layers.

Question 3

Mixing movements

Answer 3

They occur when smooth muscles contract rhythmically in small sections of the tube

Question 4

Segmentation

Answer 4

In the Small intestine, aids by alternately contracting and relaxing the smooth muscles

Question 5

Propelling movements

Answer 5

Include the wavelike motion called peristalsis

Question 6

Peristalsis

Answer 6

Causes a contraction behind a mass of food as relaxation allows the mass to enter the next segment of the tube

Question 7

The mouth

Answer 7

The first portion of the alimentary canal. It function to receive food and begins mechanical digestion by mastication

Question 8

Oral cavity

Answer 8

the chamber between the palate and tongue

Question 9

Vestibule

Answer 9

The narrow space between the teeth, cheeks, and lips

Question 10

Tongue

Answer 10

A thick muscular organ covered by mucous membrane with taste buds within papillae.

Question 11

Papillae

Answer 11

They provide friction for moving food around in the mouth

Question 12

Lingual tonsils

Answer 12

Lymphatic tissues located at the root of the tongue

Question 13

Palate

Answer 13

It forms the roof of the oral cavity and has an anterior hard palate and posterior soft palate

Question 14

What closes off the nasal cavity during swallowing

Answer 14

Uvula (a sensory structure)

Question 15

Teeth

Answer 15

Two sets of teeth develop in sockets within the alveolar processes of the maxillary and mandibular bones. There are 20 primary teeth. (They break food up into small pieces)

Question 16

Salivary glands

Answer 16

It secretes saliva which moistens and dissolves food particles. (it’s an accessory organ. They are in and around the face. They moisten food and break down carbs). They receive parasympatheic stimulation.

Question 17

Parotid glands

Answer 17

It lies in front of the ear

Question 18

Submandibular gland

Answer 18

Located on the floor of the mouth

Question 19

Sublingual glands

Answer 19

Inferior to the tongue

Question 20

Pharynx

Answer 20

The cavity lying behind the mouth and the esophagus is a muscular tube leading to the stomach. It includes the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and largyngopharynx

Question 21

What is it called when food is mixed with saliva

Answer 21

A bolus

Question 22

Esophagus

Answer 22

A straight collapsible passageway leading to the sotmach through a diaphragm opening (esophegeal hiatus)

Question 23

The lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 23

It helps to prevent regurgitation of the stomach contents into the esophagus. (sometimes called the cardiac sphincter)

Question 24

The stomach

Answer 24

A J-shaped muscular organ that receives and mixes food with digestive juices and propels food to the small intestine.

Question 25

What are the parts of the stomach? 5

Answer 25

Cardia, fundus, body region, pylorus, and pyloric canal.

Question 26

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 26

It controls release of food from the stomach into the small intestine

Question 27

Gastric glands

Answer 27

Within the mucosa of the stomach open as gastric pits. There are three types of secretory cells. They produce mucus, pepsin, and hydrochloric acid.

Question 28

Gastrin

Answer 28

They enhance gastric secretions by parasympathetic impulses, which is released from gastric glands.

Question 29

How much does the stomach absorb?

Answer 29

It absorbs only a small quantity of wanter and certain salts, alcohol, and some lipid-soluble drugs

Question 30

What does the mixing action of the stomach do to the food?

Answer 30

It turns it into chyme. However, the rate at which the stomach empties depends on the fluidity of the chyme and the type of food

Question 31

Pancreas

Answer 31

It has an exocrine function of producing pancreatic juice that aids digestion.

Question 32

What do pancreatic juices contain?

Answer 32

Enzymes that digest carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 33

Liver

Answer 33

The reddish-brown liver located in the upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity, the the body’s largest organ. It is divided into right and left lobes. Each lobe is separated into hepatic lobules consisting of hepatic cells radiation from a central vein.

Question 34

What are the functions of the liver? 3

Answer 34

It is responsible for many metabolic activities, such as metabolism of carbs, lipids, and proteins. The liver stores glycogen, vitamins, iron, and blood. The liver filters blood, and it’s role in digestion is to secrete bile.

Question 35

Bile

Answer 35

A yellowish-green liquid that hepatic cells secrete. It includes water, bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, and electrolytes. **Only bile salts have a digestive function

Question 36

Gallbladder

Answer 36

A pear-shaped sac lying on the interior surface of the liver. It is connected to the cystic duct which joins the hepatic duct.

Question 37

What do bile salts do?

Answer 37

They emulsify fats into smaller droplets and aid in the absorption of fatty acids, cholesterol, and certain vitamins. They help with the digestion of fats and they’re hydrophobic.