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Anatomy > Lymphatic/Immune System > Flashcards

Lymphatic/Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the Lymphatic system?

A

Return interstitial fluid & proteins back into circulation, provides structural basis for immune system, transports dietary lipids

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2
Q

Describe Lymph Capillaries

A

Very permeable (more than blood capillaries) Found in all tissues of the body EXCEPT bone, teeth, bone marrow and CNS

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3
Q

Describe lacteals

A

Found in small intestine, drains the small intestine of dietary lipids

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4
Q

Describe the thoracic duct

A

Empties into the left subclavian vein. Carries from: lower body, left upper body, left of head & neck

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5
Q

Describe the right lymphatic duct

A

Empties into right subclavian vein. Carries from right side of head & neck & right side of thorax

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6
Q

Which way do lymphs transfer?

A

In one direction only, towards the heart with the same 2 pumps that help w/ venous blood return

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7
Q

Which 2 pumps are involved in the transfer of lymphs?

A

Respiratory pump & skeletal muscle pump

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8
Q

Where are the 2 locations of the primary lymph organs

A

Red bone marrow & thymus

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9
Q

Describe the primary lymph organs

A

Site where stem cells become immunocompetent & capable of creating an immune response.

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10
Q

Describe the secondary lymph organs

A

Site where most immune responses occur

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11
Q

Where are they located?

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils

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12
Q

Thymus?

A

Site of lymphocyte maturation, NOT involved in the actual function of fighting antigens or pathogens. Grows in childhood, while immune system is maturing. Atrophies in abdolescence.

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13
Q

Lymph Nodes?

A

There to filter the lymph fluid, contains macrophages that sit inside the lymph nodes & attack antigens

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14
Q

Lymph flow?

A

Fluid comes into the lymph nodes through the different vessels, circulates in the sinus inside. Then, the fluid leaves through the efferent vessel once all the antigens and immune system functions.

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15
Q

Spleen?

A

LARGEST lymphoid organ of the body. Same structure of a lymph node.

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16
Q

Describe spleen tissue

A

Red pulp, red blood cells get removed by macrophages. Graveyard for red blood cells. Blood formation during fetal development, located around the veins.

17
Q

Describe white pulp

A

Responsible for carrying out immune function, deals with lymphocytes

18
Q

Describe tonsils

A

Simplest lymphoid organ, have deep tonsillar crypts that trap and destroy bacteria

19
Q

What type of tonsils are there?

A

Palatine, lingual and pharyngeal

20
Q

Describe the palatine tonsils

A

2, posterior end of oral cavity

21
Q

Describe the lingual tonsils

A

2, at the base of the tongue

22
Q

Describe the pharyngeal tonsils

A

1, found in posterior wall of nasopharynx

23
Q

Describe the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

A

MALT, scattered in the mucosa lining of the respiratory, digestive and urinary tracts

24
Q

Describe the peyers patches

A

Lymphatic follicles found in the small intestine

25
Q

Describe the innate immune system

A

Non-specific, has 2 lines of defense: external & internal. Primary job: prevents pathogens from entering the body & spreading when inside

26
Q

Describe the adaptive immune system

A

Has 2 branches- humoral immunity (b lymphocytes) and cellular immunity (T lymphocytes)

27
Q

Describe the innate immune system 1st line of defense

A

Has surface barriers that stop pathogens from entering the body: skin, mucosa membranes and their secretions.
Protective chemicals that inhibit and destroy microorganisms. Skin acidity, lipids in sebum, dermidcin in sweat, HCl and protein digesting enzymes of stomach mucosa, lysosome in saliva and lacrimal fluid

28
Q

Describe the 2nd line of defense

A

Uses cells and chemicals to prevent pathogens from spreading internally. ex: phagocytes, fever, inflammation and antimicrobial substances.

29
Q

What are phagocytes

A

Cells that destroy pathogens that don’t belong

30
Q

What are macrophages

A

Develop from monocytes, chief phagocytic cells, free macrophages

31
Q

What are fixed macrophages

A

Permanent residence in some organs.
Liver- kupffer cells
Brain- microglia

32
Q

What are neutrophils

A

Natural killer cells, large granular lymphocytes found in the spleen, lymph nodes and red bone marrow.
Targets cells that lack “self” cell-surface receptors. Induces apoptosis (in cancer and virus infected cells) Enhances the inflammatory response

33
Q

Describe inflammation

A

Triggered when a body tissue is injured or infected. Tasks: prevents the spread of damaging things, dispose of cell debris, dispose of pathogens, sets the stage of repair

34
Q

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

Pain, redness, immobility, swelling & heat

Anatomy (10 decks)

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