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Anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the alimentary canal?

A

Digest & absorb food.

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2
Q

What is the function of the accessory digestive organs?

A

Assist in mechanical and chemical breakdown of digested food

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3
Q

what is the function of the mucosa layer?

A

secretions, protection against infections, absorption of products

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4
Q

what is the function of the submucosa layer?

A

made of dense connective tissue with blood and lymphatic vessels. Submucosal nerve plexuses are embedded.

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5
Q

what is the function of the muscularis external?

A

responsible for segementation and peristalsis, form sphincters that can control movement

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6
Q

what is the function of the parasympathetic control?

A

“wine and dine” or “rest and digest” Mostly works through the vagus nerve

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7
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic control?

A

mostly works through thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord to slow down digestion

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8
Q

What is the function of the hard palate?

A

helps with chewing and formation of bolus

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9
Q

what is the function of the soft palate?

A

closes off nasopharynx during swallowing

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10
Q

What does the uvula do?

A

projects down from its edge

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11
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic salivary gland?

A

Keeps the mouth moist

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12
Q

What is the function of the extrinsic salivary gland?

A

Produce secretions when chemoreceptors get stimulated. Contains the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands

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13
Q

What are the functions of saliva

A

99 % water and 1% solutes
slightly acidic
contains electrolytes, enzymes and defensive compounds

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14
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Increases activity

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15
Q

Sympathetic

A

decreases activity and leads to dry mouth

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16
Q

What is the function of the tongue?

A

Repositions and mixes food while chewing.
Attached to the floor via lingual frenum

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17
Q

How many baby teeth do we have?

A

20

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18
Q

How many adult teeth do we have?

A

32

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19
Q

What are the incisor teeth used for?

A

Cutting

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20
Q

What are the canines used for?

A

Tearing

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21
Q

What are the molars used for?

A

Grinding

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22
Q

What is the function of the pharynx?

A

Allowing for passage of food, fluids and air

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23
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

Flat muscular tube from laryngopharynx to stomach.
Pierces diaphragm at esophageal hiatus
Joins stomach at cardiac orfice

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24
Q

What is deglutition?

A

Movement of food from the mouth into the stomach (swallowing)
Control center in the medulla and lower pons

25
Q

What is the buccal stage?

A

mouth to oropharynx

26
Q

what is the pharyngeal stage?

A

Bolus moves from pharynx to esophagus

27
Q

what is the esophageal stage?

A

Bolus passes through esophagus to stomach

28
Q

What are the regions of the stomach?

A

cardiac region, fungus, body and pyloric region

29
Q

What are mucous neck cells?

A

Secrete thin, acidic mucus

30
Q

What are chief cells?

A

Peptic cells, secrete pepsinogen onto the stomach surface which is then converted to pepsin

31
Q

What is the intrinsic factor?

A

Only essential substance produced by the stomach

32
Q

What are gastric secretions regulated by?

A

neural and hormonal regulations

33
Q

Once the bolus is combined with the gastric secretions it becomes?

A

chyme

34
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A

largest gland in the body
production and release of bile
processing nutrients

35
Q

Where does the liver receive blood from

A

Hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein

36
Q

What are the functions of the gall bladder?

A

Receives bile from the liver (cystic duct)
stores and concentrates bile
Releases via the bile duct

37
Q

Gallbladder contraction is stimulated by?

A

Cholecystokinin from intestinal cells exposed to protein and fats

38
Q

What are the functions of the pancreas?

A

secretes pancreatic juice (alkaline)

39
Q

What hormones does the pancreas create?

A

Insulin and Glucagon

40
Q

All secretions enter the small intestine (duodenum) at the?

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

41
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

major organ of digestion and absorption
contains the duodenum, jejunum and ileum

42
Q

What is the function of the duodenum?

A

chemoreceptors that analyze chyme and release chemical messengers. Site where secretions from the liver and pancreas are mixed with food

43
Q

What cells do the small intestines contain/

A

absorptive, goblet, paneth, enteroendocrine cells

44
Q

What is the main function of the large intestine?

A

propulsion of feces towards the anus

45
Q

What is diverticulitis?

A

when sac-like pouches of the colon have weakened and become inflamed when something gets stuck

46
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

Inflammation of the liver

47
Q

What is hepatitis A?

A

spread by fecal contamination of toys, etc

48
Q

What is hepatitis B?

A

Spread via sexual activity or used syringes

49
Q

What is hepatitis C?

A

Similar to B, but can cause cirrhosis and liver cancer

50
Q

What is the most important carb?

A

Glucose

51
Q

Triglycerides are considered?

A

Neutral fats
used for energy storage

52
Q

What is the main function of proteins?

A

Can be used as fuel to generate ATP if lacking in carbs and fat in diets

53
Q

Most vitamins function as?

A

Coenzymes

54
Q

what is anabolism

A

require energy

55
Q

what is catabolism

A

release energy

56
Q

Any excess glucose stored in the body is referred to as?

A

Glycogenesis

57
Q

what is the major energy fuel?

A

Glucose

58
Q

what hormone regulates all processes of the absorptive state?

A

Insulin

Anatomy (10 decks)

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