Chapter 11

Question 1

Vertebral Column

Answer 1

24 spinal nerves plus sacrum & coccyx

Question 2

Meninges

Answer 2

3 distinct protective layers that encircle the spinal cord & brain.

Question 3

Dura Matter

Answer 3

Thick outer layer

Question 4

Arachnoid matter

Answer 4

Middle layer “spider like”

Question 5

Pia Matter

Answer 5

Innermost layer “soft mother”

Question 6

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 6

Found between the dura matter & the arachnoid matter. A cushion around the spinal cord & brain.

Question 7

Blood brain barrier

Answer 7

Composed of cells that prevent toxins from entering the CNS from the bloodstream.

Question 8

Conus Medullaris

Answer 8

Where the spinal cord starts to taper and end at L1

Question 9

8Film terminale

Answer 9

Arises from the conus medullaris. Extension of the Pia matter that fuses with the arachnoid & dura matter to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx

Question 10

How many cervical nerves are there?

Answer 10

8

Question 11

How many thoracic nerves are there?

Answer 11

12

Question 12

How many Lumbar nerves are there?

Answer 12

5

Question 13

How many sacral nerves are there?

Answer 13

5

Question 14

How many coccygeal nerves are there?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

Dermatomes

Answer 15

The area of the skin that provides sensory information to a specific spinal level

Question 16

Cervical plexus

Answer 16

C1-C5

Question 17

Phrenic nerve

Answer 17

Causes contraction of the diaphragm for breathing

Question 18

Brachial plexus

Answer 18

C5-T1
Provides nerve distribution into the upper extremities.

Question 19

Lumbar plexus

Answer 19

L1-L4
Supplies part of abdomen, external genitalia & part of lower limbs

Question 20

Sacral plexus

Answer 20

S1-S4
Supplies the buttocks, pernieum, part of lower limb

Question 21

Coccygeal plexus

Answer 21

S4, S5 & coccygeal
Supplies coccygeal region

Question 22

Sensory Vs Motor Tracts

Answer 22

Sensory: ascending tracts
Motor: descending tracts

Question 23

Biceps reflex

Answer 23

C5

Question 24

Brachioradialis

Answer 24

C6

Question 25

Triceps reflex

Answer 25

C7

Question 26

Patellar reflex

Answer 26

L2-L4

Question 27

Achilles reflex

Answer 27

S1

Question 28

Monoplegia

Answer 28

Paralysis of one limb

Question 29

Diplegia

Answer 29

Paralysis of both upper or lower limbs

Question 30

Quadriplegia

Answer 30

Paralysis of all four limbs

Question 31

Complete transection

Answer 31

All function lost below that level

Question 32

Spinal cord compression

Answer 32

Caused by fracture vertebrae, herniated intervertebral disc, tumors & infections

Question 33

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 33

Immune system attacks the neurolemma of nerves

Question 34

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Answer 34

ALS, attacks motor neurons of the brain & spinal cord resulting in muscle weakness and atrophy.

Question 35

Shingles

Answer 35

Acute infection of the peripheral nervous system that arises from the spinal cord.