Endocrine System

Question 1

Exocrine

Answer 1

Secrete substances into a duct system

Question 2

Endocrine

Answer 2

Secret substances directly into the bloodstream

Question 3

Non-steroid hormones

Answer 3

Water soluble, whole proteins or amino acids, use 2nd messengers

Question 4

Steroid hormones

Answer 4

lipid soluble, can pass through the membrane of the target cell. Slower moving

Question 5

Permissive effect

Answer 5

A target cell is made more responsive to a second hormone when the first has opened receptor sites

Question 6

Synergistic effect

Answer 6

2 hormones acting together has a greater effect than the sum of each individual one

Question 7

Antagonist effect

Answer 7

One hormone opposes the action of another

Question 8

Negative feedback

Answer 8

Hormones are used to reverse the environment or if levels get out of balance.

Question 9

Positive feedback

Answer 9

Much less common. Used to amplify changes.

Question 10

Which hormones are a part of the Anterior Pituitary gland?

Answer 10

Follicle stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, Adrenocorticotrophic hormone, Thyroid stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, tropic hormone

Question 11

Which hormones are a part of the hypothalamus posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 11

Antidiuretic Hormone, Oxytocin. Both are produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary gland.

Question 12

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer 12

Follicle growth, sperm production

Question 13

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer 13

Ovulation/testosterone formation

Question 14

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer 14

Directs the adrenal cortex

Question 15

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 15

Directs the thyroid

Question 16

Prolactin

Answer 16

Breast development and milk production

Question 17

Growth Hormone

Answer 17

Influences our height and weight

Question 18

Tropic Hormone

Answer 18

Direct and stimulate other endocrine glands

Question 19

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH/Vasopressin)

Answer 19

Water balance, produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary

Question 20

Oxytocin

Answer 20

Uterine contractions during labor, milk let-down. Produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary

Question 21

Thyroid Gland

Answer 21

Thyroid Hormone (T3 & T4)

Question 22

Calictonin

Answer 22

Lowers blood calcium (puts calcium into bones)

Question 23

Parathyroid Hormone

Answer 23

Primary hormone to control blood calcium levels, puts calcium into the blood.

Question 24

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 24

Mineralocorticoids, aldosterone, sodium reabsorption

Question 25

Glucocorticoids

Answer 25

Cortisol- inhibits inflammation & dampen immune response. Increases glucogenosis.

Question 26

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 26

Epinephrine, "Adrenaline", Noriepinephrine

Question 27

Pancreas

Answer 27

Insulin

Question 28

Beta Cells

Answer 28

Lowers blood glucose levels

Question 29

Glucagon

Answer 29

Alpha cells- raises blood glucose levels

Question 30

What do female ovaries produce?

Answer 30

Estrogen, progesterone

Question 31

What do male sex glands produce?

Answer 31

Testicles, testosterone

Question 32

Pineal Gland?

Answer 32

Produces melatonin, controls bodys internal clock & sleep pattern

Question 33

Dwarfism

Answer 33

Low levels of growth hormone leads to slow growth & epiphyseal plates close before full growth

Question 34

Giantism

Answer 34

Hyper section of growth hormone during childhood. Usually very tall but proportions are normal

Question 35

Acromegaly

Answer 35

Hypersection of growth hormone during adulthood. Enlarges nose & toes

Question 36

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 36

Person does not produce enough ABLT or receptors, in ADH the kidney does not work properly. Produces large volumes of urine & always be thirsty.

Question 37

Hypothyroidism

Answer 37

Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone "cretisnsm" Slower metabolism, always cold, weight gain

Question 38

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 38

Hypersecretion of the thyroid hormone. "Graves Disease" Bulging eyes, faster metabolism, always hot, usually thin.

Question 39

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 39

Too little PTH, low blood calcium, muscles twitch & muscle spasms

Question 40

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 40

High PTH levels, bone weakness, kidney stones

Question 41

Cushing's Symptom

Answer 41

Hyper secretion of cortisol, "moon face" and "buffalo hump". Easily bruising, poor wound healing, hypertension

Question 42

Addison's Disease

Answer 42

Hypo-secretion of glucocorticoids and aldosterone. "Bronze skin" often mistaken for sunburn. Lethargy, anorexia, muscle weakness

Question 43

Diabetes Type I

Answer 43

Too little insulin is produced "insulin dependent." Blood glucose increase- hyperglycemia

Question 44

Diabetes Type II

Answer 44

Insulin produces but abnormality with insulin receptors in the body "non insulin dependent/adult offset" Increased thirst, frequent urination, increased hunger, weight loss, slow wound healing