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Anatomy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Exocrine

A

Secrete substances into a duct system

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2
Q

Endocrine

A

Secret substances directly into the bloodstream

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3
Q

Non-steroid hormones

A

Water soluble, whole proteins or amino acids, use 2nd messengers

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4
Q

Steroid hormones

A

lipid soluble, can pass through the membrane of the target cell. Slower moving

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5
Q

Permissive effect

A

A target cell is made more responsive to a second hormone when the first has opened receptor sites

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6
Q

Synergistic effect

A

2 hormones acting together has a greater effect than the sum of each individual one

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7
Q

Antagonist effect

A

One hormone opposes the action of another

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8
Q

Negative feedback

A

Hormones are used to reverse the environment or if levels get out of balance.

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9
Q

Positive feedback

A

Much less common. Used to amplify changes.

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10
Q

Which hormones are a part of the Anterior Pituitary gland?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, Adrenocorticotrophic hormone, Thyroid stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, tropic hormone

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11
Q

Which hormones are a part of the hypothalamus posterior pituitary gland?

A

Antidiuretic Hormone, Oxytocin. Both are produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary gland.

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12
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A

Follicle growth, sperm production

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13
Q

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A

Ovulation/testosterone formation

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14
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A

Directs the adrenal cortex

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15
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Directs the thyroid

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16
Q

Prolactin

A

Breast development and milk production

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17
Q

Growth Hormone

A

Influences our height and weight

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18
Q

Tropic Hormone

A

Direct and stimulate other endocrine glands

19
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH/Vasopressin)

A

Water balance, produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary

20
Q

Oxytocin

A

Uterine contractions during labor, milk let-down. Produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary

21
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Thyroid Hormone (T3 & T4)

22
Q

Calictonin

A

Lowers blood calcium (puts calcium into bones)

23
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A

Primary hormone to control blood calcium levels, puts calcium into the blood.

24
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

Mineralocorticoids, aldosterone, sodium reabsorption

25
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Cortisol- inhibits inflammation & dampen immune response. Increases glucogenosis.

26
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Epinephrine, “Adrenaline”, Noriepinephrine

27
Q

Pancreas

A

Insulin

28
Q

Beta Cells

A

Lowers blood glucose levels

29
Q

Glucagon

A

Alpha cells- raises blood glucose levels

30
Q

What do female ovaries produce?

A

Estrogen, progesterone

31
Q

What do male sex glands produce?

A

Testicles, testosterone

32
Q

Pineal Gland?

A

Produces melatonin, controls bodys internal clock & sleep pattern

33
Q

Dwarfism

A

Low levels of growth hormone leads to slow growth & epiphyseal plates close before full growth

34
Q

Giantism

A

Hyper section of growth hormone during childhood. Usually very tall but proportions are normal

35
Q

Acromegaly

A

Hypersection of growth hormone during adulthood. Enlarges nose & toes

36
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

Person does not produce enough ABLT or receptors, in ADH the kidney does not work properly. Produces large volumes of urine & always be thirsty.

37
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone “cretisnsm” Slower metabolism, always cold, weight gain

38
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Hypersecretion of the thyroid hormone. “Graves Disease” Bulging eyes, faster metabolism, always hot, usually thin.

39
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Too little PTH, low blood calcium, muscles twitch & muscle spasms

40
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

High PTH levels, bone weakness, kidney stones

41
Q

Cushing’s Symptom

A

Hyper secretion of cortisol, “moon face” and “buffalo hump”. Easily bruising, poor wound healing, hypertension

42
Q

Addison’s Disease

A

Hypo-secretion of glucocorticoids and aldosterone. “Bronze skin” often mistaken for sunburn. Lethargy, anorexia, muscle weakness

43
Q

Diabetes Type I

A

Too little insulin is produced “insulin dependent.” Blood glucose increase- hyperglycemia

44
Q

Diabetes Type II

A

Insulin produces but abnormality with insulin receptors in the body “non insulin dependent/adult offset” Increased thirst, frequent urination, increased hunger, weight loss, slow wound healing

Anatomy (10 decks)

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