Chapter 10

Question 1

Where does the brain develop?

Answer 1

From the neural tube and expands as we develop

Question 2

What are the four major parts of the brain

Answer 2

Brainstem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Cerebrum

Question 3

What are the 4 protections of the brain?

Answer 3

Cranial bones, cranial meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, blood brain barrier

Question 4

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 4

Circulates in the subarachnoid space. Protection from physical injury- shock absorber.

Question 5

What are the brainstem structures?

Answer 5

Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

Question 6

Medulla oblongota

Answer 6

“vital center” Controls heart rate, blood pressure and respirations

Question 7

Pons

Answer 7

Bridge that connects right & left sides of the cerebellum. Contains the respiratory center & initiates breathing

Question 8

Midbrain

Answer 8

Connects the pons to the diencephalon. Plays a role with: eye movement, auditory processing, and visual processing.

Question 9

Cerebellum

Answer 9

Protrudes under the occipital lobe at the base of the skull. “Little brain” Coordination of muscle activity.

Question 10

Diencephalon

Answer 10

Located beneath the cerebrum and above the brainstem. Has 2 main glands: thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 11

Cerebrum

Answer 11

Largest division, divided into right & left hemispheres.

Question 12

Corpus callosum

Answer 12

Band of white matter that connects the 2 hemispheres

Question 13

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 13

Outer layer composed of gray matter

Question 14

Cerebral gyri

Answer 14

Ridges & Convulsions

Question 15

Sulci

Answer 15

Deep fissures that separate the gyri

Question 16

4 cerebral lobes

Answer 16

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occiptial

Question 17

Frontal Lobe

Answer 17

Located in the front. Controls: Motor function, speech, decision making.

Question 18

Brocas area

Answer 18

Located in the left hemisphere, controls speech

Question 19

Parietal Lobe

Answer 19

Located on the top & sides. Functions: Primary somatosensory area. Sensation: skin, pain, temperature, touch & proprioception

Question 20

Temporal lobe

Answer 20

Located on the sides. Functions: hearing- primary auditory cortex, olfactory, language.

Question 21

Occipital lobe

Answer 21

Located towards the back, functions: slight visual cortex. Responsible for perception & 3D sight.

Question 22

Cerebrovascular accident

Answer 22

Stroke. Death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen, commonly caused by blood clots.

Question 23

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Answer 23

Episode of temporary cerebral dysfunction caused by impaired blood flow

Question 24

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 24

“Progressive dementia” Neurodegenerative disease- degeneration & buildup of waste products in the brain.