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Respiratory system > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the lungs located?

A

In the thorax

on either side of the mediastinum

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2
Q

What shape are the lungs?

A

Cone shaped

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3
Q

What are the parts of the lungs?

A

Apex

Lobes

Base

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4
Q

What is the apex of the lung?

A

The superior part of the lung

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5
Q

Where is the apex of the lung located?

A

Above the level of the first rib

into the neck

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6
Q

What are the lobes of the right lung called?

A

Superior

Middle

Inferior

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7
Q

What are the lobes of the left lung called?

A

Superior

Inferior

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8
Q

What separates the superior lobe from the middle lobe in the right lung?

A

Horizontal fissure

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9
Q

What separates the middle lobe from the inferior lobe in the right lung?

A

Oblique fissure

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10
Q

What separates the superior lobe from the inferior lobe in the left lung?

A

Oblique fisure

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11
Q

How are the fissures separating the different lobes of the lungs named?

A

Based on the direction they run in

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12
Q

What is a fissure?

A

Double-fold of visceral plura

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13
Q

Which lobe of the left lung makes up most of its anterior part?

A

The superior lobe

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14
Q

What is the base of the lung?

A

The inferior part of the lung

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15
Q

What are the surfaces of the lungs? How are they named?

A

Mediastinal surface

Costal surface

Diaphragmatic surface

based on the area of the thorax that they face

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16
Q

What are the grooves on the mediastinal surface of the right lung for?

A

Oesophagus

Vena cava

17
Q

What does the mediastinal surface of the right lung lie close to?

A

Heart

Oesophagus

Vena cava

Azygos vein

18
Q

What are the grooves on the mediastinal surface of the left lung for?

A

Oesophagus

Aortic arch, thoracic aorta

19
Q

What does the mediastinal surface of the left lung lie close to?

A

Heart

Oesophagus

Aortic arch, thoracic aorta

21
Q

What is the shape of the diaphragmatic surface of the lung? Why?

A

Concave shape

to accommodate for the dome-shape of the diaphragm

22
Q

Where is the lung hilum located?

A

At the middle of the mediastinal surface of the lung

22
Q

What structures enter and leave at the lung hilum?

A

Bronchi

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary veins x2

24
Q

Where does the bronchus enter the lung hilum?

A

Posteriorly

25
Q

Where does the pulmonary artery enter the lung hilum?

A

Superiorly to the pulmonary veins

25
Q

Where do the pulmonary veins enter the lung hilum?

A

Inferiorly to the pulmonary artery

26
Q

What are the borders of the lungs?

A

Anterior

Posterior

Inferior

27
Q

What is the blood supply of the lung tissue itself?

A

Bronchial artery

28
Q

Where do the bronchial arteries come from?

A

Branch off descending aorta

29
Q

What is the venous drainage of the lung tissue itself?

A

Bronchial veins

29
Q

What do bronchial veins drain into?

A

Azygos vein on right side

Hemiazygos vein on left side

30
Q

How are the pulmonary arteries and bronchial arteries related to each other?

A

Some anastamoses between them

30
Q

What is the significance of the anastamoses between the pulmonary and bronchial arteries?

A

Some blood supply to lung tissue is maintained in the case of a pulmonary embolism

31
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the lungs?

A

To the hilar lymph nodes

then to the tracheobronchial nodes

33
Q

What is the nerve supply of the lung tissue itself?

A

Sympathetic from sympathetic trunk

Parasympathetic from vagus nerve

35
Q

What do the sympathetic fibres of the lung tissue stimulate?

A

Bronchodilation

Pulmonary vessel vasoconstriction

35
Q

What do the parasympathetic fibres of the lung tissue stimulate?

A

Bronchoconstriction

Pulmonary vessel vasodilation

Bronchial glands secretion

Respiratory system (32 decks)

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