Lungs

Question 1

Where are the lungs located?

Answer 1

In the thorax

on either side of the mediastinum

Question 2

What shape are the lungs?

Answer 2

Cone shaped

Question 3

What are the parts of the lungs?

Answer 3

Apex

Lobes

Base

Question 4

What is the apex of the lung?

Answer 4

The superior part of the lung

Question 5

Where is the apex of the lung located?

Answer 5

Above the level of the first rib

into the neck

Question 6

What are the lobes of the right lung called?

Answer 6

Superior

Middle

Inferior

Question 7

What are the lobes of the left lung called?

Answer 7

Superior

Inferior

Question 8

What separates the superior lobe from the middle lobe in the right lung?

Answer 8

Horizontal fissure

Question 9

What separates the middle lobe from the inferior lobe in the right lung?

Answer 9

Oblique fissure

Question 10

What separates the superior lobe from the inferior lobe in the left lung?

Answer 10

Oblique fisure

Question 11

How are the fissures separating the different lobes of the lungs named?

Answer 11

Based on the direction they run in

Question 12

What is a fissure?

Answer 12

Double-fold of visceral plura

Question 13

Which lobe of the left lung makes up most of its anterior part?

Answer 13

The superior lobe

Question 14

What is the base of the lung?

Answer 14

The inferior part of the lung

Question 15

What are the surfaces of the lungs? How are they named?

Answer 15

Mediastinal surface

Costal surface

Diaphragmatic surface

based on the area of the thorax that they face

Question 16

What are the grooves on the mediastinal surface of the right lung for?

Answer 16

Oesophagus

Vena cava

Question 17

What does the mediastinal surface of the right lung lie close to?

Answer 17

Heart

Oesophagus

Vena cava

Azygos vein

Question 18

What are the grooves on the mediastinal surface of the left lung for?

Answer 18

Oesophagus

Aortic arch, thoracic aorta

Question 19

What does the mediastinal surface of the left lung lie close to?

Answer 19

Heart

Oesophagus

Aortic arch, thoracic aorta

Question 21

What is the shape of the diaphragmatic surface of the lung? Why?

Answer 21

Concave shape

to accommodate for the dome-shape of the diaphragm

Question 22

Where is the lung hilum located?

Answer 22

At the middle of the mediastinal surface of the lung

Question 22

What structures enter and leave at the lung hilum?

Answer 22

Bronchi

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary veins x2

Question 24

Where does the bronchus enter the lung hilum?

Answer 24

Posteriorly

Question 25

Where does the pulmonary artery enter the lung hilum?

Answer 25

Superiorly to the pulmonary veins

Question 25

Where do the pulmonary veins enter the lung hilum?

Answer 25

Inferiorly to the pulmonary artery

Question 26

What are the borders of the lungs?

Answer 26

Anterior Posterior Inferior

Question 27

What is the blood supply of the lung tissue itself?

Answer 27

Bronchial artery

Question 28

Where do the bronchial arteries come from?

Answer 28

Branch off descending aorta

Question 29

What is the venous drainage of the lung tissue itself?

Answer 29

Bronchial veins

Question 29

What do bronchial veins drain into?

Answer 29

Azygos vein on right side Hemiazygos vein on left side

Question 30

How are the pulmonary arteries and bronchial arteries related to each other?

Answer 30

Some anastamoses between them

Question 30

What is the significance of the anastamoses between the pulmonary and bronchial arteries?

Answer 30

Some blood supply to lung tissue is maintained in the case of a pulmonary embolism

Question 31

What is the lymphatic drainage of the lungs?

Answer 31

To the hilar lymph nodes then to the tracheobronchial nodes

Question 33

What is the nerve supply of the lung tissue itself?

Answer 33

Sympathetic from sympathetic trunk Parasympathetic from vagus nerve

Question 35

What do the sympathetic fibres of the lung tissue stimulate?

Answer 35

Bronchodilation Pulmonary vessel vasoconstriction

Question 35

What do the parasympathetic fibres of the lung tissue stimulate?

Answer 35

Bronchoconstriction Pulmonary vessel vasodilation Bronchial glands secretion