Lungs Flashcards
Where are the lungs located?
In the thorax
on either side of the mediastinum
What shape are the lungs?
Cone shaped
What are the parts of the lungs?
Apex
Lobes
Base
What is the apex of the lung?
The superior part of the lung
Where is the apex of the lung located?
Above the level of the first rib
into the neck
What are the lobes of the right lung called?
Superior
Middle
Inferior
What are the lobes of the left lung called?
Superior
Inferior
What separates the superior lobe from the middle lobe in the right lung?
Horizontal fissure
What separates the middle lobe from the inferior lobe in the right lung?
Oblique fissure
What separates the superior lobe from the inferior lobe in the left lung?
Oblique fisure
How are the fissures separating the different lobes of the lungs named?
Based on the direction they run in
What is a fissure?
Double-fold of visceral plura
Which lobe of the left lung makes up most of its anterior part?
The superior lobe
What is the base of the lung?
The inferior part of the lung
What are the surfaces of the lungs? How are they named?
Mediastinal surface
Costal surface
Diaphragmatic surface
based on the area of the thorax that they face
What are the grooves on the mediastinal surface of the right lung for?
Oesophagus
Vena cava
What does the mediastinal surface of the right lung lie close to?
Heart
Oesophagus
Vena cava
Azygos vein
What are the grooves on the mediastinal surface of the left lung for?
Oesophagus
Aortic arch, thoracic aorta
What does the mediastinal surface of the left lung lie close to?
Heart
Oesophagus
Aortic arch, thoracic aorta
What is the shape of the diaphragmatic surface of the lung? Why?
Concave shape
to accommodate for the dome-shape of the diaphragm
Where is the lung hilum located?
At the middle of the mediastinal surface of the lung
What structures enter and leave at the lung hilum?
Bronchi
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins x2
Where does the bronchus enter the lung hilum?
Posteriorly
Where does the pulmonary artery enter the lung hilum?
Superiorly to the pulmonary veins
Where do the pulmonary veins enter the lung hilum?
Inferiorly to the pulmonary artery
What are the borders of the lungs?
Anterior
Posterior
Inferior
What is the blood supply of the lung tissue itself?
Bronchial artery
Where do the bronchial arteries come from?
Branch off descending aorta
What is the venous drainage of the lung tissue itself?
Bronchial veins
What do bronchial veins drain into?
Azygos vein on right side
Hemiazygos vein on left side
How are the pulmonary arteries and bronchial arteries related to each other?
Some anastamoses between them
What is the significance of the anastamoses between the pulmonary and bronchial arteries?
Some blood supply to lung tissue is maintained in the case of a pulmonary embolism
What is the lymphatic drainage of the lungs?
To the hilar lymph nodes
then to the tracheobronchial nodes
What is the nerve supply of the lung tissue itself?
Sympathetic from sympathetic trunk
Parasympathetic from vagus nerve
What do the sympathetic fibres of the lung tissue stimulate?
Bronchodilation
Pulmonary vessel vasoconstriction
What do the parasympathetic fibres of the lung tissue stimulate?
Bronchoconstriction
Pulmonary vessel vasodilation
Bronchial glands secretion
