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Respiratory system > Lung function tests with disease > Flashcards

Lung function tests with disease Flashcards

1
Q

What does FEV1 stand for?

A

Forced expiratory volume 1 second

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2
Q

What is meant by FEV1?

A

The volume of air expired in the first second of a forced expiration

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3
Q

What does FVC stand for?

A

Forced vital capacity

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4
Q

What is meant by FVC?

A

Same as vital capacity - after maximum forced inspiration, the maximum volume of air that can be forcefully expired from the lungs

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5
Q

What is normal FEV1/FVC?

A

0.7

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6
Q

How does obstructive disease affect the lungs themselves?

A

Airway narrowing

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7
Q

How does obstructive disease affect inspiration?

A

It doesn’t, inspiration is normal

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8
Q

How does obstructive disease affect expiration?

A

Reduced expiration

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9
Q

Why does obstructive disease reduce expiration?

A

Airways narrow and collapse sooner

increased resistance to air flow out of airways

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10
Q

How does obstructive disease affect FEV1?

A

Decreases

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11
Q

How does obstructive disease affect FVC?

A

It doesn’t, FVC is normal

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12
Q

Why is FVC normal with obstructive disease?

A

Can still inspire same volume of air

and expire same volume of air, just takes more time and effort to overcome the increased resistance to air flow

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13
Q

How does obstructive disease affect FEV1/FVC?

A

Decreases to below 0.7

because smaller FEV1, but same FVC

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14
Q

How does restrictive disease affect the lungs themselves?

A

Reduced lung compliance

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15
Q

How does restrictive disease affect inspiration?

A

Reduced inspiration

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16
Q

Why does restrictive disease reduce inspiration?

A

Change in pleural pressure doesn’t increase lung volume as much

17
Q

How does restrictive disease affect expiration?

A

Reduced expiration

18
Q

Why does restrictive disease reduce expiration?

A

Because inspiration is reduced

so expiration will be reduced as a consequence

19
Q

How does restrictive disease affect FEV1?

A

It doesn’t, normal for first second

20
Q

How does restrictive disease affect FVC?

A

Decreases

21
Q

Why does restrictive disease decrease FVC?

A

Because maximum inspiration is reduced

so maximum expiration will be reduced as a consequence

22
Q

How does restrictive diseas eaffect FEV1/FVC?

A

Increases to above 0.7

Because FEV1 is normal, but FVC is smaller

23
Q

What are the axes of a time-volume graph?

A

y axis - volume of air expired after maximum inspiration

x axis - time

24
Q

What shape is a time-volume graph? Why?

A

Rectangular hyperbola

As have expired more air, airways narrow
increases resistance to air flow out of lungs
hence expire less air

25
Q

What is FVC on a time-volume graph?

A

The peak of the graph

because it is maximum volume of air expired after maximum inspiration

26
Q

How does obstructive disease affect the time-volume graph?

A

Flatter gradient along the entire graph, showing lower FEV1

Eventually reaches its peak, which is at the same level as the normal graph, showing it has same FVC

27
Q

How does restrictive disease affect the time-volume graph?

A

Same initial gradient as the normal graph, showing same FEV1

But reaches a lower peak compared to the normal graph, showing it has a lower FVC

28
Q

What are the axes of a flow-volume graph?

A

y axis - flow

x axis - volume of air expired after maximum inspiration

29
Q

What is the shape of a flow-volume graph?

A

Rapid rise

followed by a slower fall

30
Q

Explain the shape of the flow-volume graph

A

Rapid rise then slower fall because

as have expired more air, airways narrow, increasing resistance in airways, reduced air flow out of airways

31
Q

What is the peak of the flow-volume graph?

A

Peak expiratory flow

32
Q

What is peak expiratory flow?

A

Maximum flow of air during expiration

33
Q

How does obstructive disease affect the flow-volume graph?

A

Lower peak expiratory flow

The fall of the curve has a more “scooped” shape

34
Q

How does restrictive disease affect the flow-volume graph?

A

Lower peak expiratory flow

The curve falls to a lower volume of air expired

Respiratory system (32 decks)

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