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Respiratory system > Intercostal muscles and diaphragm > Flashcards

Intercostal muscles and diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the intercostal muscles located?

A

Between the ribs

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2
Q

What are the different intercostal muscles?

A

External intercostal

Internal intercostal

Innermost intercostal

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3
Q

Where are the external intercostal muscles most developed?

A

Most developed posteriorly

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4
Q

Where are the external intercostal muscles least developed?

A

Least developed anteriorly

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5
Q

What is the direction of the external intercostal muscle fibres?

A

Antero-medially

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6
Q

What is the action of the external intercostal muscles?

A

Move the ribs upwards and outwards

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7
Q

What are the external intercostal muscles continuous with?

A

The external oblique

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8
Q

Where are the internal intercostal muscles most developed?

A

Most developed anteriorly

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9
Q

Where are the internal intercostal muscles least developed?

A

Least developed posteriorly

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10
Q

What is the direction of the internal intercostal muscle fibres?

A

Perpendicular to external intercostal muscles

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11
Q

What is the action of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

Move the ribs downwards and backwards

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12
Q

What are the internal intercostal muscles continuous with?

A

Internal oblique

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13
Q

Where are the innermost intercostal muscles most developed?

A

Laterally

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14
Q

Where are the innermost intercostal muscles least developed?

A

Anteriorly and posteriorly

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15
Q

What is the direction of the innermost intercostal muscles?

A

Perpendicular to external intercostal muscles

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16
Q

What is the action of the innermost intercostal muscles?

A

Move the ribs downwards and backwards

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17
Q

What is located between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles?

A

Neurovascular bundle

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18
Q

What is the neurovascular bundle located between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles made up of?

A

Collateral artery

Collateral vein

Collarteral nerve

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19
Q

What does the neurovascular bundle between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles supply?

A

Intercostal muscles

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20
Q

What is the neurovascular supply of the intercostal muscles?

A

Main supply is by intercostal artery, vein and nerve

Minor supply is by collateral artery, vein and nerve

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21
Q

What type of muscle is the diaphragm made up of?

A

Skeletal muscle

22
Q

What does the diaphragm originate from?

A

The borders of the inferior thoracic aperture

23
Q

What does the diaphragm insert into?

A

Inferior surface of fibrous pericardium

24
Q

What innervates the diaphragm?

A

Right diaphragm by right phrenic nerve

Left diaphragm by left phrenic nerve

25
Q

What are the roots of the phrenic nerve?

A

C3, C4, C5

26
Q

What is the clinical signifiance of the diaphragm being innervated by the phrenic nerve?

A

Pain from the diaphragm is carried by the phrenic nerve to C3, C4, C5 levels of spinal cord
CNS interprets this pain as coming from the C3, C4, C5, cervical dermatomes
gives referred pain to shoulder

27
Q

What shape is the diaphragm?

A

Dome-shaped

28
Q

What happens to the diaphragm when it contracts?

A

It moves downwards and flattens

29
Q

What part of the thorax is the diaphragm located at?

A

Floor of thorax

30
Q

What part of the abdominal cavity is the diaphragm located at?

A

Roof of abdominal cavity

31
Q

What is the direction of the muscle fibres of the diaphragm?

A

Run centrally

32
Q

What do the muscle fibres of the diaphragm converge into?

A

Central tendon

33
Q

What is the level of the right diaphragm?

A

Fourth intercostal space

34
Q

What is the level of the left diaphragm?

A

Fifth intercostal space

35
Q

Why is the right diaphragm higher than the left?

A

Because the right side has to accommodate for the liver, which is a large organ

36
Q

How many openings are there in the diaphragm?

A

Three

37
Q

What are the openings in the diaphragm?

A

Oesophageal opening

Aortic opening

Caval opening

38
Q

What is the vertebral level of the oesophageal opening?

A

T10

39
Q

What is the vertebral level of the aortic opening?

A

T12

40
Q

What is the vertebral level of the caval opening?

A

T8

41
Q

What passes through the caval opening of the diraphagm?

A

Inferior vena cava

42
Q

What passes through the aortic opening of the diaphragm?

A

Descending aorta

Azygos vein

Thoracic duct

43
Q

What passes through the oesophageal opening of the diaphragm?

A

Oesophagus

Vagus nerves

44
Q

Where do the phrenic nerves travel?

A

From the neck
alongside lateral side of fibrous pericardium
to the diaphragm

45
Q

What does the intercostal artery posteriorly arise from?

A

The thoracic aorta

46
Q

What does the intercostal artery anteriorly arise from?

A

Internal thoracic artery

47
Q

What does the intercostal vein posteriorly drain into?

A

Above heart, superior vena cava

At the level of the heart, the azygos vein on the right side and the hemiazygos vein on the left side

Below the heart, inferior vena cava

48
Q

What does the intercostal vein anteriorly drain into?

A

Internal thoracic vein

49
Q

What does the azygos vein drain into?

A

Superior vena cava

50
Q

What does the hemiazygos vein drain into?

A

Azygos vein

51
Q

What does the collateral artery running between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles arise from?

A

Branches off the intercostal arteries anteriorly and posteriorly

52
Q

What do the collateral veins running between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles drain into?

A

Drain into intercostal veins anteriorly and posteriorly

Respiratory system (32 decks)

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