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Respiratory system > Hypoxaemia, hypoxia > Flashcards

Hypoxaemia, hypoxia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pO2 of a patient with anaemia? Why?

A

Normal

because pO2 is a measure of the partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in the blood
which will be normal

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2
Q

What location causes increased levels of 2,3-BPG in red blood cells? Why?

A

High altitudes

Lower partial pressure of oxygen in inspired air
so that what little oxygen there is bound to haemaglobin is released to tissues

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3
Q

What disease state causes increased levels of 2,3-BPG in red blood cells? Why?

A

Anaemia

so that what little haemaglobin there is releases more oxygen more to the tissues

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4
Q

What does carbon monoxide do in the blood?

A

Enters red blood cells

binds to haemaglobin

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5
Q

Where in haemoglobin does carbon monoxide bind to it?

A

Binds to iron in haem group

same as oxygen

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6
Q

How does carbon monoxide bind to haemaglobin compared to oxygen?

A

Carbon monoxide binds much more tightly to haemaglobin than oxygen does

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7
Q

When can carbon dioxide monoxide poisoning cause death?

A

When haemaglobin is more than 50% saturated with haemaglobin

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8
Q

How does carbon monoxide affect haemaglobin that it is bound to?

A

Increases affinity of other subunits for oxygen

so they don’t release it to the tissues

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9
Q

What colour is oxygenated haemaglobin?

A

Red

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10
Q

What colour is deoxygenated haemaglobin?

A

Blue-purple

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11
Q

When is cyanosis more difficult to see?

A

Poor lighting

Dark complexion

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12
Q

What causes cyanosis?

A

Haemaglobin is less saturated with oxygen in circulation

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13
Q

What is pulse oximetry?

A

Method of measuring level of haemaglobin saturation

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14
Q

What is peripheral cyanosis?

A

Blueish discolouration of skin of hands or feet

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15
Q

What type of blood does pulse oximetry measure?

A

Arterial blood

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16
Q

What is cyanosis?

A

Blueish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes due to unsaturated haemaglobin

17
Q

What is the structure of a pulse oximeter?

A

One side emits red and infrared light
finger in between
other side has light detector

18
Q

How does pulse oximetry work?

A

Red saturated haemaglobin absorbs less red light
more reaches detector

Blue unsaturated haemaglobin absorbs more red light
less reaches detector

19
Q

What disease states can pulse oximetry not detect? Why?

A

Anaemia
have normal haemaglobin saturation
but low haemaglobin

Carbon monoxide poisoning
carbon monoxide bound to haemaglobin is a red colour

Respiratory system (32 decks)

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