Lungs Flashcards
pulmonary artery orientation in the hilum for both lungs
left artery superior trunk, right artery anterior trunk
black pigment from pollution/carbon particulate
anthracotic pigment
inherited disorder of ion transport that affect fluid secretion in exocrine gland and in the epithelial lining of the respiratory (and GI) tracts
mucoviscidosis/Cystic fibrosis
most common form of empyshema, occurring primarily in smokers with COPD
centriacinar emphysema
large sub-pleural blebs (greater than 1cm), typically near apex
bullous emphysema
irreversible enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, accompanied by destruction of their walls
emphysema
Progressive interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure with radiological honeycomb pattern
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
gross appearance of cobblestone pleural surface with firm, rubbery white areas of fibrosis on cut surface
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
irreversible enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole (smoking/ α1-antitrypsin deficiency)
emphysema
form of obstructive lung disease
emphysema
dense fibrosis causes destruction of alveolar architecture and the formation of cystic spaces lined by hyperplastic type II pneumocytes
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
form of chronic diffuse interstitial restrictive disease
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Inhalation of coal particles and dust the causes massive progressive fibrosis with Anthracosis: carbon deposits
coal worker’s pneumoconiosis
Inhalation of pro-inflammatory crystalline silicon dioxide (silica)
silicosis
Most prevalent chronic occupational disease in the world
silicosis
Inhalation of proinflammatory crystalline hydrated silicates (asbestos) that causes diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis
asbestosis
most common manifestation of asbestosis
pleural plaques
gross appearance of hard pale to blackened collagenous scars
silicosis
systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause that may involve many tissues and organs
sarcoidosis
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy or parenchymal lung involvement common in this disease
sarcoidosis
Non-necrotizing granulomas, multinucleated giant cells, peripheral lymphocytes in this disease
sarcoidosis
chronic pulmonary and systemic disease; leading cause of death worldwide
tuberculosis
this infection is associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis
HIV
parenchymal lung lesion with nodal involvement in TB
Ghon complex
Granulomatous inflammation with caseating necrosis, multinucleated giant cells is present in
early TB
granulation tissue, fibrosis, stellate scar is present in
late TB
Wear ______ during frozen sections of lung/lymph nodes of lung
N95
TB can also be present in this other than the lung
lymph node
benign mesenchymal neoplasms containing tissues made up of cartilage, smooth muscle, and connective tissue (native tissue but disorganized - adenochondroma)
hamartoma
radiographically, hamartomas appear as
coin lesions
this type of lung cancer tends to be peripheral
adenocarcinoma
SCC of the lung arises in this part
bronchial epithelium
variant of adenocarcinoma with acini in fibrotic stroma
acinar variant
variant of adenocarcinoma with papillary growth formation with true fibrovascular cores
papillary variant
variant of adenocarcinoma with goblet cells with abundant intracellular mucin
mucinous variant
variant of adenocarcinoma with atypical type II pneumocytes growing along the surface of the alveolar septa
lepidic variant
variant of adenocarcinoma with small, delicate papillary tufts lacking true fibrovascular cores
micropapillary variant
variant of adenocarcinoma with solid sheets that lack other recognizable patterns
solid variant
gross appearance of tan-white soft and friable with possible necrotic center, adjacent to bronchi
small cell lung cancer
subtype with no specific features of small cell, adeno, or SCC. 50% near bronchial lumen. Gray-white, sub-pleural fleshy cut surface.
large cell lung cancer
May cause lung carcinoma, mesothelioma
asbestosis
Patchy consolidation in this disease
bronchopneumonia
entire lobe, lobar pneumonia
congestion
increased blood volumes within tissue
hyperemia, congestion
arteriolar dilation (inflammation, muscle)
hyperemia
passive, reduced venous outflow (dusky reddish)
congestion
lung specimens u may receive (6)
-FNA
-Wedge
-lobectomy
-segmentectomy
-pneumonectomy
-mediastinal lymph nodes
do not use black ink for these two types of cases
lung and melanoma
weigh the lung before doing this
infiltration/inflation
if the tumor is squamous cell, open the lung along this
bronchial airway
if the tumor is adenocarcinoma or other section like this
serially section
if the tumor is close to the bronchovascular margin, shave it this way
perpendicularly
lung staging is dependent on these three things
-tumor size
-pleural involvement
-invasion into adjacent structures
lung T2 lesions assess (4)
-tumor size
-invasion into visceral pleura
-association with atelectasis
-involvement of main bronchus
lung T3/T4 lesions assess (3)
-Tumor size
- Invasion into adjacent structures
(Section carefully (bone saw) to demonstrate lesions to adjacent structures)
- Fix, then decal
