GU/Male Flashcards
adrenal resection CPT code
88307
made in the zona glomerulosa
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
made in the zona fasciculata
glucocorticoids (cortisol)
made in the zona reticularis
androgens/sex steroids
made in the medulla
catecholamines (E/NE)
aldosterone producing adrenocortical adenoma is associated with what syndrome
Conn syndrome
spironolactone bodies present in this
aldosterone secreting adrenocortical adenoma
mature adipose tissue with normal bone marrow elements in the adrenal gland
myelolipoma
hemorrhage of adrenal gland seen in this syndrome, accompanied with rapid progressive hypotension
Waterhouse-Friderichson syndrome
medullary lesion of adrenal cortex
pheochromocytoma
adrenal gland staging is dependent on (2)
-size (5cm)
-metastasis
this type of lung cancer primarily metastasizes to the adrenal gland
non-small cell lung cancer
this is critical for grossing adrenal glands
measure weight
normal weight of an adult adrenal gland
7-10 g
if adrenal gland tumors are <2cm,
submit entirely
kidney CPT code
88307
the renal vein is
anterior
the renal artery is
medial
the ureter is
posterior and inferior
exudate and necrosis may be present, there may be a scar and papillary necrosis
acute pyelonephritis
dilated/blunted or deformed calyces and a scar may be present
chronic pyelonephritis
cortical surfaces will resemble grain leather (scarring/shrinking)
nephrosclerosis
persistent hypoperfusion will lead to massive ischemic necrosis
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
multiple cysts in the medulla of the kidney
medullary sponge kidney
70% of renal calculi are
calcium oxalate or mixed calcium phosphate
struvite mainly composes
staghorn calculi
benign neoplasms of the kidney (2)
-angiomyolipoma
-oncocytoma
this form of RCC with a genetic component is very aggressive
Xp11 translocation
this form of RCC is rare
medullary
most common renal tumor of childhood
Wilms tumor
types of kidney specimens (3)
-partial nephrectomy
-nephrectomy
-nephrectomy w adrenal gland
should you weigh all kidney specimens
yes
this is done if the lesion is small enough in the lower or upper pole
partial nephrectomy
kidney staging is largely depended on these two factors
-tumor size
-extension into renal vein/perinephric tissue/gerota’s fascia/adrenal gland
this must be explicitly stated in the gross description of a kidney
tumor extension
ureter CPT code
88307
most common cause of hydronephrosis in infants and children
ureteropelvic junction obstruction
epithelial neoplasms in the ureter usually originate here
bladder/kidney
describe if this is attached to the ureter
bladder cuff
should you trim peri-ureteral adipose tissue?
no
to describe a ureter, measure
length and diameter
ureter staging is dependent on
invasion into wall and peri-ureteral adipose tissue
ureter staging is
microscopic
bladder CPT code
88309
these are more common in men who smoke
bladder tumor
a cysectomy is usually done for
invasive muscle neoplasia
four morphologic patterns for a bladder tumor
-papillary
-invasive papillary carcinoma
-flat non-invasive carcinoma (In situ)
-flat invasive carcinoma
open this anteriorly
bladder
bladder staging is dependent on
microscopic invasion
this is imperative for staging a bladder
full thickness sections
if time allows, do this when grossing a bladder
pin out overnight
you can open the bladder in two different ways
through prostate or ureteral orifice
