Gen Surg Path Flashcards
ratio of formalin to tissue
15-20:1
immunofluorescence solution to identify autoimmune diseases of the skin and kidney
Michel’s solution
cytogenetics studies solution to identify genetic mutations
Hanks solution
flow cytometry solution to identify lymphoma
RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute)
effect of formalin on tissue
hardens and minimizes shrinkage
effect of alcohol on tissue
coagulates proteins and causes shrinkage
these are used for delicate tissues such as the kidney and liver
papers
these are used for GI biopsies and skins
sponge
these are used for GYNs and smaller aggregates, but can be difficult to embed
mesh bags
how long does it take a normal tissue to fix if it is 2-3mm
2-3 hours
ideal tissue size
2.5 x 1.5 x 0.3 cm or thinner
at what rate does formalin penetrate tissue
1mm per hour
ionizing radiation that is heavy positively charged helium
alpha radiation
ionizing radiation that is lighter negatively charged electrons
beta radiation
ionizing radiation that is true electromagnetic waves
gamma
ionizing radiation that is photons of pure energy with the same properties of gamma
X-ray
unit of measuring radiation exposure
Roentgen
This OSHA standard requires employers to protect workers from infection with human bloodborne pathogens in the workplace. The standard also requires employers to provide and pay for appropriate PPE for workers with occupational exposures.
Bloodborne pathogens standard
This OSHA standard requires employers to provide and pay for PPE and ensure that it is used wherever “hazards of processes or environment, chemical hazards, radiological hazards, or mechanical irritants are encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.”
The Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) standard
This OSHA standard requires that the employer designate a Chemical Hygiene Officer and have a written Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP), and actively verify that it remains effective. This standards also requires that laboratory personnel must receive training regarding the Laboratory standard, the CHP, and other laboratory safety practices, including exposure detection, physical and health hazards associated with chemicals, and protective measures (commonly referred to at the Laboratory Standard)
The Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories standard
What are the five major elements of the Laboratory Standard
- Hazard Identification
- Chemical Hygiene Plan
- Information and Training
- Exposure Monitoring
- Medical Consultation and Examinations
This OSHA standard requires employers to select and ensure that workers use appropriate hand protection when their hands are exposed to hazards such as those from skin absorption of harmful substances:
The Hand Protection standard
What are two provided examples of an engineering control that is intended to reduce work-related hazards:
a. Chemical fume hoods
b. Biological safety cabinets
Formalin is typically __ % formaldehyde by weight.
37
solvents that are air contaminants
xylene and toluene
OSHA estimates that 5.6 million workers in the healthcare industry and related occupations are at risk of occupational exposure to over 200 bloodborne pathogens, including (what three most common):
HIV, HBV, HCV
The permissible exposure limit (PEL) for formaldehyde in the workplace is ___ parts formaldehyde per million parts of air (____ ppm) measured as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA).
0.75
The most common injury is from a blade to the _________________ while sectioning a specimen:
non dominant hand
___________ from coolant during a frozen section is a common cause of conversion to a positive TB skin test.
Aerosolization
time from body into fixative
cold ischemic time
The action level– which is the standard’s trigger for increased industrial hygiene monitoring and initiation of worker medical surveillance is _____ ppm when calculated as an 8-hour TWA
0.5
safety diamond red portion
fire hazard
safety diamond blue portion
health hazard
safety diamond yellow portion
reactivity
safety diamond white portion
specific hazard
preparation and distribution of material SDS
hazard communication standard
post analytic phase errors (2)
-pathologist sign outs
-frozen section intraoperative procedures
analytic phase errors (6)
-processing
-embedding
-sectioning
-staining and coverslipping
-case assembly
-grossing/autopsy
preanalytic phase errors (2)
-specimen procurement
-accessioning
