Clinical Terminology Flashcards
localized pus
abscess
loss of coherence of epidermal cells due to desmosome degeneration
acantholysis
thickening of the Malpighian epidermis
acanthosis
decrease in CO2 of blood and tissues
acapnia
inflammation of lymph nodes or glands
adenitis
benign neoplasm of glandular epithelium
adenoma
swelling or morbid change in lymph nodes
adenopathy
accessory part of a structure
adnexa
nerve fibers that release epinephrine
adrenergic
disease
affection
part completely absent
agenesis
to make an alkyl radical available
alkylating agent
deficiency of hair
alopecia
absence or suppression of menstruation
amenorrhea
gaining strength after an illness
analepsis
medicine to relieve pain
analgesic
hypersensitive body state-protein sensitization
anaphylaxis
reversion of cells to an embryonic type
anaplasia
loss of appetite
anorexia
severe generalized edema (total body)
anasarca
doesn’t react to a specific antigen
anergy
inflammation of a vessel (blood/lymph)
angitis
variation in size of cells
anisocytosis
unequal pupils
anisocoria
lack of oxygen
anoxia
sluggish, indifferent
apathy
inability to express oneself through speech
aphasia
almost complete lack of development
aplasia
serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
involuntary abnormal muscular movement (“liver flap” hepatic encephalopathy)
asterixis
weakness, debility
asthenia
muscular incoordination
ataxia
collapsed portion of lung
atelectasis
increased nitrogenous bodies in the blood (increase BUN=creatinine/kidney)
azotemia
dorsiflexion of big toe, occurring in lesions of the pyramidal tract
babinsky’s reflex
dilation of bronchus or bronchioles
bronchiectasis
adventitious sound heard from veins or arteries
bruit
wasting state of poor health
cachexia
stonelike
calculus
heat
calor
tumor of epithelial cell origin
carcinoma
conversion of necrotic tissue to a granular cheese-like mass (TB)
caseation
inflammation of mucous membranes
catarrh
where plasma and WBC1 s fill tissue spaces but without massive necrosis (no abscess or scar)
cellulitis
puncture of a cavity
centesis
the process of forming gallstones
cholelithiasis
liver disease
cholemia
stains readily
chromophilic
spasmodic alteration of contraction and relaxation of muscles
clonus
softer more amorphous calculi
concretion
running together
confluent
control of urination
continence
any symptom or circumstance indicating, a non-advisable form of treatment
contraindications
crackling sound
crepitation
surgical removal of foreign matter or necrosed tissue from a wound
debridement
bed sore, ulcer
decubitis
causing or forming adhesions. A fibrous tissue response
desmoplasia
profuse sweating
diaphoresis
predisposition to certain disease
diathesis
mush-like, extremely soft
diffluent
double vision
diplopia
produce urine in large amounts
diuresis
inflammation of diverticula
diverticulitis
diverticula of colon
diverticulosis
pain
dolor
a morbid accumulation of fluid in tissues or cavities
dropsy
disease due to metabolic or developmental disease
dyscrasis
epithelial alterations where isolated Malpighian cells become
dyskeratosis
difficulty or inability to swallow
dysphagia
abnormal development of tissue
dysplasia
air hunger. difficulty breathing
dyspnea
impairment of tonicity
dystonia
painful or difficulty in urination
dysuria
macular hemorrhage (flat)
ecchymosis
abnormal position
ectopic
abnormal accumulation of fluid into cells, spaces or cavities
edema
toothless
edentulous
sweetener used in oral medicines
elixir
obstruction of vessel by moving thrombus (anything that is not supposed to be there)
embolism
vomiting
emesis
pus in a cavity
empyema
any dysfunction of the brain
encephalopathy
involuntary discharge of urine
enuresis
excessive tears
epiphora
hemorrhage from the nose
epistaxis
redness
erythematous
increase in severity of disease
exacerbation
fluid, pus, or serum passing out
exudate
feverish
febrile
cleft or groove
fissure
abnormal passage between two internal organs, or from an internal organ to the body surface
fistula
putrefaction of soft tissue, necrosis
gangrene
softening of the stomach wall
gastromalacia
bald/ or smooth
glabrous
decrease in granulocytes of blood
granulocytopenia
a granular leukocyte (neutrophil, eosinophil)
granulocyte
a granular growth usually of lymphoid and epithelioid cells/macrophages
granuloma
effusion of blood into a joint cavity
hemarthrosis
agent to increase the hemoglobin of blood
hematinic
blood in the stool
hematochezia
condition when excess iron is deposited in tissues
hemochromatosis
expectoration of blood
hemoptysis
muscular weakness of one side of the body
hemiparesis
paralysis of one side of the body
hemiplegia
cells that secrete themselves in their entirety (sebaceous)
holocrine
dropsy, edema
hydrops
serous fluid accumulation with saclike appearance
hydrocele
excessive pigment
hyperchromatic
overgrowth of the horny layer in the epidermis
hyperkeratosis
excessive fat in the blood
hyperlipidemia
higher osmotic pressure on the outside of something (crenation)
hypertonic
increase in size by an increase in individual cell size
hypertrophy
defective development of tissue
hypoplasia
diminished blood volume
hypovolemia
deficiency of oxygen
hypoxia
body fluids or substances in them
humoral
caused by treatment
iatrogenic
yellowish, jaundice
icteric
unknowing
idiopathic
no control over urination
incontinence
hardening
induration
local reaction to an injurious agent
inflammation
attempt at a voluntary movement
intention tremor
within the peritoneal cavity
intraperitoneal
within the spinal cord
intrathecal
local and temporary anemia due to an obstruction
ischemia/c
yellowish due to increased bilirubin levels
jaundice
inflammation of the cornea
keratitis
accumulation in the body of ketones
ketosis
exaggeration of the normal curvature of spine (e.g., hunchback)
kyphosis
excision of a posterior vertebral arch
laminectomy
surgical opening of the abdomen
laparatomy
weariness, exhaustion
lassitude
local morbid tissue formation or structural alternation of tissues
lesion
functional stupor or sluggishness
lethargy
increase in WBC’s
leukocytosis
decrease in WBCs
leukopenia
white spots usually on tongue or cheek
leukoplakia
binding or tying something off
ligate
calculus formation
lithiasis
abnormal convexity of spine
lordosis
dilation of lymphatic channels
lymphangiectasis
infantile atrophy, wasting away
marasmus
action of intestinal juices on free blood produces this substance
melena
after secreting, the cell stays intact
merocrine
Uneasiness, discomfort
malaise
substances stain differently with the same dye
metachromatic
change from one kind (cell/tissue) to another
metaplasia
inflammation of the uterus
metritis
irregular bleeding between menstruation cycles
metrorrhagia
characterization of small nodules or lesions
miliary
in a dying condition
moribund
muscle weakness or tenderness
myasthenia
pain in muscles
myalgia
disease caused by fungi (not a tumor)
mycetoma
inflammation of spinal cord and/or bone marrow
myelitis
mucous connective tissue cell tumor
myxoma
spray vapor
nebulization
inflammatory process of the kidney
nephritis
degenerative kidney changes without inflammation
nephrosis
severe pain along a nerve tract
neuralgia
Dullness, deadened sensibility
obtundation
loss of color, pale
pallor
loss of color, pale
palpebral
reduction of all cellular blood components
pancytopenia
edema at the optic disc
papilledema
red elevated area on skin
papule
puncture and removal of fluid from a cavity
paracentesis
functional part of an organ
parenchyma
nucleated cells in hyperkeratosis
parakeratosis
injection; other than through the G.I. tract
parenteral
partial or incomplete paralysis
paresis
abnormal sensation (numbness, tingling)
paresthesia
indicative of disease, symptoms
pathognomonic
sudden reoccurrence of symptoms
paroxysm
an opening produced in a tissue surface or structure
perforation
inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
variation in shape
poikilocytosis
different colors
polychromasia
excess number of RBC’s
polycythemia
excessive thirst
polydipsia
excessive food intake
polyphagia
excessive urine output
polyuria
following a meal
postprandial
anterior to the heart
precordium
inflammation of the rectum
proctitis
symptom indicating an oncoming disease
prodrome
replacement by an artificial substitute
prosthesis
absolute exhaustion
prostration
severe itching
pruritus
downward displacement
ptosis
cleansing of bowels (laxatives)
purgative
substances that cause fevers
pyrogens
high fever
pyrexia
sound of air going through a bronchus filled with an exudate
rale
cancer arising from mesenchymal (muscle and connective) tissues
sarcoma
lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
condition following and resulting from a disease
sequela
organisms or their products in the blood
sepsis
a vasoconstrictor
serotonin
intercellular edema of the skin epidermis
spongiosis
drowsiness, or trancelike
somnolence
situation after the fact, S/P
status-post
fatty degeneration
steatosis
narrowing
stenosis
partial or incomplete dislocation
subluxation
process of pus formation
suppuration
fainting
syncope
rapid respiration
tachypnea
i.e., cardiac, excess fluid in the pericardium
tamponade
spasmodic contraction of the anal or vesicle sphincter associated with pain and strong desire to release products
tenesmus
capillary dilation
telangiectasis
trembling or shaking
tremulous
adhering to; adhesion
tenacious
lukewarm
tepid
tremor with a vascular or cardiac murmur felt on palpation
thrill
puncture of the thorax
thoracentesis
fluid passed thru a vessel pore
transudate
cylindrical saw for cutting circular pieces of bone
trephine
triangular tipped instrument for (removal of) aspiration of fluid from a cavity
trocar
increase in blood nitrogenous products
uremia
vascular skin reaction characterized by pale eruption, wheal and sever itching
urticaria
palm or sole
volar
volume of blood
volemia
