Lung Disorder: Pleural Effusion Flashcards
What is Pleural Effusion (PE)? What’s another name for it?
fluid accum. in the pleura OR abn collection of fluid in the pleural cavity
hydrothorax
In PE, there is increase______ and/or decrease _______ and involves an alteration of the _________ ________
seepage
drainage
transcapillary exchange
PE is a type of ___ ________. Fluid accum when there is xs formation of ______ or when there is a decrease removal by the ___________.
third spacing
fluid
lymphatic
What is the transcapillary exchange? What pressure does it depend on?
The exchange of fluids between the vessels and tissues
OP and CHP
What are the 5 types of fluids?
- exudate
- transudate
- empyema
- chylothorax
- hemothorax
What is exudate fluid and what can cause this? What type of exudate fluid (2)?
Inflm fluid made out of plasma proteins, defense cells, and increase protein content —> d/t some form of injury
can be purulent and serous
What is transudate fluid? Give example why this type occur?
non-inflm fluid –> decrease protein content
Ex: increase CHP pushes fluid out of vasculature into interstitial fluid
What is empyema fluid? What causes this?
purulent exudate with abundance of pus d/t bacterial infection (pneumonia)
also contains glucose, proteins, leukocytes, and debris
What is chylothorax fluid? What is chlye? What can cause this? What age group is this most common in?
build up of lymph fluid in pleural space d/t injury in the lymphatic vessels
lymph fluid containing chyle –> chyle = a milky fluid containing chylomicrons
fetus and neonate
What is hemothorax fluid?
build up of blood in the pleural space d/t injury in blood vessels –> abundance of erythrocytes
Etiology of PE (4)
- usually d/t CHF
- infection
- CA
- pulm infarction
How does CHF cause PE? What type of fluid is found?
increase CHP–> transudate fluid pushed from capillaries into interstitial space—> pleural cavity
In CHF, blood remain in _________ _________ and pressure _______ d/t the congestion of ________ in ______ –> increasing ___
pulm circulation
increase
blood
vessels
CHP
How does infection lead to PE?
lung infection–> inflm–> increase capillary permeability–> purulent exudate shifts into pleural space
How does lung CA lead to PE?
lung CA–> inflm–> increase capillary permeability–> fluid shifts into pleural space
How does pulm infarction lead to PE? There is a build up of ____ in the region therefore increase ___.
pulm obstruction–> ischemia–> infarction–> inflm–> increase capillary permeability–> fluid shifts into pleural space
blood
CHP
Patho of PE: fluid enters pleural space from _______ of ________ pleura
capillaries
parietal
Patho of PE: fluid _____ into parietal ______ vessels
drains
lymphatic
Patho of PE: If entry of fluids (_______) exceeds _______ then fluids ______ and enter IS and move into the pleural space = PE
seepage
drainage
accumulate
Manifestations of PE (3)
- dyspnea
- pleuritic pain
- decrease lung expansion
Mnfst depends on ____ and ________
cause
volume
Why is Dyspnea common? What is accompanied by dyspnea and what does it result in?
accum of fluid applies external pressure to lungs impacting the ability for lungs to inflate
hypoxia
decrease GE
What causes the pain in pleuritic pain?
air is push thru the lungs thru increase pressure/compression d/t accum of fluid
Diagnosis of PE (2)
- CXR –> image taken on inhalation and exhalation
2. US and CT –> more precise
What are also included in the work up?
hx, px, and blood work
Treatment of PE (3)
- thoracentesis + fluid analysis
- chest tube
- avoid solidification
Tx is based on _____
cause
Thoracentesis is the removal of _____ d/t ____ ________
fluid
third spacing
Why is vol expander not req for thoracentesis?
compared to the abdominal cavity, the thoracic cavity is smaller therefore when drained there is no sudden rush of fluid in space
Fluid is drained more ______ with a ______ _____ in thoracentesis
slowly
chest tube
Fluid is analysed to determine ______ of fluid and ____ of third spacing
type
cause
