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Biology 253 > Lung Disorder: Pleural Effusion > Flashcards

Lung Disorder: Pleural Effusion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Pleural Effusion (PE)? What’s another name for it?

A

fluid accum. in the pleura OR abn collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

hydrothorax

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2
Q

In PE, there is increase______ and/or decrease _______ and involves an alteration of the _________ ________

A

seepage

drainage

transcapillary exchange

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3
Q

PE is a type of ___ ________. Fluid accum when there is xs formation of ______ or when there is a decrease removal by the ___________.

A

third spacing

fluid

lymphatic

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4
Q

What is the transcapillary exchange? What pressure does it depend on?

A

The exchange of fluids between the vessels and tissues

OP and CHP

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5
Q

What are the 5 types of fluids?

A
  1. exudate
  2. transudate
  3. empyema
  4. chylothorax
  5. hemothorax
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6
Q

What is exudate fluid and what can cause this? What type of exudate fluid (2)?

A

Inflm fluid made out of plasma proteins, defense cells, and increase protein content —> d/t some form of injury

can be purulent and serous

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7
Q

What is transudate fluid? Give example why this type occur?

A

non-inflm fluid –> decrease protein content

Ex: increase CHP pushes fluid out of vasculature into interstitial fluid

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8
Q

What is empyema fluid? What causes this?

A

purulent exudate with abundance of pus d/t bacterial infection (pneumonia)

also contains glucose, proteins, leukocytes, and debris

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9
Q

What is chylothorax fluid? What is chlye? What can cause this? What age group is this most common in?

A

build up of lymph fluid in pleural space d/t injury in the lymphatic vessels

lymph fluid containing chyle –> chyle = a milky fluid containing chylomicrons

fetus and neonate

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10
Q

What is hemothorax fluid?

A

build up of blood in the pleural space d/t injury in blood vessels –> abundance of erythrocytes

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11
Q

Etiology of PE (4)

A
  1. usually d/t CHF
  2. infection
  3. CA
  4. pulm infarction
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12
Q

How does CHF cause PE? What type of fluid is found?

A

increase CHP–> transudate fluid pushed from capillaries into interstitial space—> pleural cavity

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13
Q

In CHF, blood remain in _________ _________ and pressure _______ d/t the congestion of ________ in ______ –> increasing ___

A

pulm circulation

increase

blood

vessels

CHP

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14
Q

How does infection lead to PE?

A

lung infection–> inflm–> increase capillary permeability–> purulent exudate shifts into pleural space

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15
Q

How does lung CA lead to PE?

A

lung CA–> inflm–> increase capillary permeability–> fluid shifts into pleural space

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16
Q

How does pulm infarction lead to PE? There is a build up of ____ in the region therefore increase ___.

A

pulm obstruction–> ischemia–> infarction–> inflm–> increase capillary permeability–> fluid shifts into pleural space

blood

CHP

17
Q

Patho of PE: fluid enters pleural space from _______ of ________ pleura

A

capillaries

parietal

18
Q

Patho of PE: fluid _____ into parietal ______ vessels

A

drains

lymphatic

19
Q

Patho of PE: If entry of fluids (_______) exceeds _______ then fluids ______ and enter IS and move into the pleural space = PE

A

seepage

drainage

accumulate

20
Q

Manifestations of PE (3)

A
  1. dyspnea
  2. pleuritic pain
  3. decrease lung expansion
21
Q

Mnfst depends on ____ and ________

A

cause

volume

22
Q

Why is Dyspnea common? What is accompanied by dyspnea and what does it result in?

A

accum of fluid applies external pressure to lungs impacting the ability for lungs to inflate

hypoxia

decrease GE

23
Q

What causes the pain in pleuritic pain?

A

air is push thru the lungs thru increase pressure/compression d/t accum of fluid

24
Q

Diagnosis of PE (2)

A
  1. CXR –> image taken on inhalation and exhalation

2. US and CT –> more precise

25
Q

What are also included in the work up?

A

hx, px, and blood work

26
Q

Treatment of PE (3)

A
  1. thoracentesis + fluid analysis
  2. chest tube
  3. avoid solidification
27
Q

Tx is based on _____

A

cause

28
Q

Thoracentesis is the removal of _____ d/t ____ ________

A

fluid

third spacing

29
Q

Why is vol expander not req for thoracentesis?

A

compared to the abdominal cavity, the thoracic cavity is smaller therefore when drained there is no sudden rush of fluid in space

30
Q

Fluid is drained more ______ with a ______ _____ in thoracentesis

A

slowly

chest tube

31
Q

Fluid is analysed to determine ______ of fluid and ____ of third spacing

A

type

cause

Biology 253 (39 decks)

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