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Biology 253 > Liver CA > Flashcards

Liver CA Flashcards

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1
Q

How many forms of Liver Ca is there? Which is more common and why?

A

Two: primary and secondary form

Secondary form is more common b/c liver is large and richly vascularized (need blood circulation to spread and large space to grow)

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2
Q

Where is the CA in primary form?

A

CA is first formed in the liver

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3
Q

What is a secondary site? Most common sec sites?

A

CA is formed in another area of body and spread to liver.

Common sites: liver, lungs, bones, and brain

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4
Q

What are the two types of primary form?

A
  1. hepatocellular carcinoma

2. cholangiocarcinoma

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5
Q

What is Hepatocellular Carcinoma? (4)

A
  • > 80% –> most common
  • arises in heptocytes
  • link to chronic liver disease eg Hep C and toxins
  • advanced at dx
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6
Q

Why is Liver CA linked to chronic liver disease such as Hep C?

A

Hep C pose a high risk for liver CA b/c viral DNA gets incorporated into the hepatocellular DNA, causing a mutation of host cell’s gene

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7
Q

Mutations of genes is related to ____ ______ (2 examples of common mutated genes giving rise to CA)

A

cell division

proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes

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8
Q

What kind of toxins is related to liver CA? (1)

A

environmental toxins

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9
Q

Manifestations of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2)

A
  1. insidious onset

2. masked by underlying disease

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10
Q

When is liver CA normally caught?

A

only caught at late stages

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11
Q

What is cholangiocarcinoma? (3)

A
  1. arises in epithelium of bile ducts (mutation of this tissue)
  2. linked to chronic inflm of epithelium (predispose to Liver CA)
  3. least common
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12
Q

What is bilharzia/schistosomiasis disease? (4)

A

Example: bilharzia/schistosomiasis disease

  • present in tropical locations eg Afrika
  • caused by flatworms called schistosome in contaminated water
  • flatworm parasite has two hosts: humans and freshwater snails
  • parasites penetrate the skin to get in host
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13
Q

How does Bilharzia/Schistocomiasis link to chronic inflm of the epithelium? How can it be eradicated?

A

In the dominant stage, a cyst is formed and deposits in liver and then biliary ducts–> if induced for years it predispose to liver CA

drugs

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14
Q

What is a hepatic adenoma? Which cells in the body does it affect? Who does it affect more? Age group?

A
  • benign tumor
  • appears in hepatocytes
  • affect younger women of 20-30 y/o
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15
Q

Women who has Hepatic Adenoma are likely to be on _______ ____ b/c this tumor is supported _______. It is not a _________ malignancy.

A

contraceptive pills

hormonally

reproductive

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16
Q

Hepatic Adenoma is very ________ meaning lots of _______ ______Therefore there is a risk of ______ and _____. However, if this occurs, it is usually _______ _____ and the prognosis is good. It can be _______ removed.

A

vascularized (hypervascularized)

blood vessels

rupture and hemorrhaging

detected early

surgically

17
Q

Secondary tumors are also known as ________ tumors.

A

metastatic

18
Q

What 3 organs that commonly spread malignancy to the liver?

A
  1. lung
  2. colon
  3. breast
19
Q

Manifestations of Liver CA (3)

A
  1. masked by liver disease (primary)
  2. anorexia, fever, weight loss, and abdominal pain
  3. hepatomegaly, ascites
20
Q

Is using mnfst for diagnosis easy or hard?

A

hard

21
Q

Which mnfst are specific to liver CA?

A

hepatomegaly and ascites

22
Q

Which mnfst apply to several disorder of GIT and not helpful for dx?

A

anorexia, weight loss, abdominal pain, and fever`

23
Q

Why is late diagnosis of Liver CA common?

A

mnfst of pre-existing chronic liver disease may mask the mnfst of CA leading to late diagnosis of CA

24
Q

Treatment of Liver CA (3)

A
  1. poor prognosis (usually advanced @ dx)
  2. partial hepatectomy (partial removal of the liver) and may combined with chemo and radiation therapy
  3. supportive and palliative
25
Q

If tx fails, the liver can shit down in __-__ months

A

2-6 months

26
Q

T or F: Primary tumors are normally single tumors

A

T

27
Q

T or F: spread is localized

A

F: it is extensive

Biology 253 (39 decks)

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