GI Disorders - Ascites Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Ascites?

A

accumulation of fluids in the peritoneal cavity

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2
Q

Ascites is an example of ___ ____

A

Third Spacing

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3
Q

Etiology of Ascites (4):

A
  1. portal HTN
  2. right sided HF
  3. Na/H2O retention
  4. severe changes in CHP and OP
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4
Q

Patho of Ascites (4)

A
  • portal HTN: non-functional fibrous tissue compresses blood vessels and vessels become engorged –> increase CHP force fluid to move out into ab cavity
  • right sided HF: congestion and engorgement in R side of heart cause blood to back up in systemic circuit –> increase CHP –> force fluid to move out into abdominal cavity –> abdominal organ distention
  • Na/H2O retention increase blood volume systemically and vessels become engorged–> increase CHP –> force fluid moves out to ab cavity
  • severe changes in CHP and OP: increase in CHP or decrease in OP = ascites (disruption in CHP is affected by changes in BV and disruption in OP is affected by conc. of plasma proteins in blood)
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5
Q

Manifestations of Ascites (2)

A
  • Dyspnea: acum. of fluids increase pressure in abdominal cavity which restrict the movement of the diaphragm causing difficulty to breath
  • Abdominal Distention: increase fluids in abdominal cavity
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6
Q

Treatment of Ascites (3)

A
  1. diuretics for small volume of 5L or less
  2. correct fluid/electrolyte imbalance caused by fluid shift
  3. Paracentesis with large volume of 5 L or more
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7
Q

How does diuretics manage asictes?

A
  • increase fluid loss
  • decrease BV which decrease CHP in the blood
  • stop fluid shifting from intravascular space
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8
Q

What is Paracentesis?

A

aspirating a body cavity with a needle

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9
Q

When using paracentesis, fluid must be drained ______ as draining _____ CHP in ab cavity and can cause fluids to shift from ______ to _____

A

gradually, decrease, vessels to cavity

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10
Q

What are volume expanders? Why is it used during paracentesis?

A

volume expanders are agents such as albumin or plasma proteins that increases osmotic pressure

it is used during paracentesis b/c decreasing CHP by opposing it with increased OP will stop fluid from moving from the intravascular space and into the abdominal cavity

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