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Cancer Care > Lung Cancer > Flashcards

Lung Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are risk factors for lung cancer?

A

Smoking
Increasing age
Family history
Asbestos exposure

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2
Q

What type of lung cancer is asbestos exposure associated with?

A

Mesothelioma

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3
Q

What is mesothelioma?

A

Malignancy of pleura

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4
Q

What are symptoms of lung cancer?

A 
Cough >3 weeks
Haemoptysis
Weight loss
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
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5
Q

What are signs of lung cancer?

A

Clubbing
Horner’s syndrome
SVCO
Paraneoplastic syndromes

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6
Q

What type of lung cancer is associated with Horner’s syndrome?

A

Pancoast tumour

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7
Q

What is a pancoast tumour?

A

Apical tumour

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8
Q

What are the signs of Horner’s syndrome?

A

Ptosis
Anhidrosis
Miosis

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9
Q

What paraneoplastic syndromes can occur?

A 
SiADH
Hypercalcaemia
Anaemia 
Cushing's syndrome
Lambert-Easton Myasthenic syndrome
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10
Q

How does SIADH occur?

A

SCLC secretes ADH -> causes low sodium

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11
Q

How does hypercalcaemia occur?

A

Squamous cell cancer -> produces ectopic PTH

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12
Q

How does Cushing’s syndrome occur?

A

SCLC produces ectopic ACTH

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13
Q

What is Lambert-Easton myasthenic syndrome?

A

Antibodies produced against SCLC

Antibodies also target presynaptic calcium channels

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14
Q

What are the features of Lambert-Easton myasthenic syndrome?

A

Proximal muscles weakness

Intraocular muscle involvment

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15
Q

What investigations should be done for suspected lung cancer?

A

CXR
CT CAP

Biopsy

  • FNA
  • bronchoscopy
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16
Q

What are the 2WW referral criteria for lung cancer?

A

CXR changes suggesting cancer

>40 + unexplained haemoptysis

17
Q

When should a CXR be offered?

A

> 40 + 2 of OR smoked + 1 of

  • cough
  • fatigue
  • SOB
  • chest pain
  • weight loss

> 40 + any of

  • persistent/recurrent chest infections
  • finger clubbing
  • supraclavicular/cervical lymphadenopathy
  • thrombocytosis
18
Q

What are the CXR changes suggestive of lung cancer?

A

Mass
Hilar lymphadenopathy
Lobar collapse
Pleural effusion

19
Q

How are lung cancers classified?

A

Small cell

Large cell

  • squamous cell
  • adenocarcinoma
  • large cell
  • bronchoalveolar
20
Q

What cells do SCLC arise from?

A

Neuroendocrine cells - Kulchitsky cells

21
Q

How are lung cancers staged?

A

SCLC

  • limited stage
  • extensive stage

NSCLC
- TMN

22
Q

How can lung cancer be managed?

A

Surgery
- NSCLC T1N0M0

Radiotherapy
- NSCLC

Chemotherapy

Palliative

23
Q

Where does lung cancer metastasise to?

A

Liver
Brain
Bone
Adrenals

24
Q

Where do lung metastases coem from?

A 
Kidney 
Bone 
Prostate
GI
Breast

Cancer Care (14 decks)

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