Lung Cancer Flashcards
What are risk factors for lung cancer?
Smoking
Increasing age
Family history
Asbestos exposure
What type of lung cancer is asbestos exposure associated with?
Mesothelioma
What is mesothelioma?
Malignancy of pleura
What are symptoms of lung cancer?
Cough >3 weeks Haemoptysis Weight loss Shortness of breath Chest pain
What are signs of lung cancer?
Clubbing
Horner’s syndrome
SVCO
Paraneoplastic syndromes
What type of lung cancer is associated with Horner’s syndrome?
Pancoast tumour
What is a pancoast tumour?
Apical tumour
What are the signs of Horner’s syndrome?
Ptosis
Anhidrosis
Miosis
What paraneoplastic syndromes can occur?
SiADH Hypercalcaemia Anaemia Cushing's syndrome Lambert-Easton Myasthenic syndrome
How does SIADH occur?
SCLC secretes ADH -> causes low sodium
How does hypercalcaemia occur?
Squamous cell cancer -> produces ectopic PTH
How does Cushing’s syndrome occur?
SCLC produces ectopic ACTH
What is Lambert-Easton myasthenic syndrome?
Antibodies produced against SCLC
Antibodies also target presynaptic calcium channels
What are the features of Lambert-Easton myasthenic syndrome?
Proximal muscles weakness
Intraocular muscle involvment
What investigations should be done for suspected lung cancer?
CXR
CT CAP
Biopsy
- FNA
- bronchoscopy