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Cancer Care > Immunotherapy > Flashcards

Immunotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

What is immunotherapy?

A

Uses immune system and components to recognise, target and destroy cancer cells

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2
Q

What is passive immunotherapy?

A

Ex-vivo activated cells/molecules that compensate for missing immune functions

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3
Q

What is active immunotherapy?

A

Stimulates effector functions in vivo

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4
Q

What does active immunotherapy require?

A

Patient to have a functioning immune system

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5
Q

What is the action of monoclonal antibodies?

A

Bind to specific antigen on cancer cell surface
Block signalling pathways
Arrest cell proliferation

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6
Q

What are the types of monoclonal antibodies used?

A

CD20 inhibitor
HER2 inhibitor
VEGR inhibitor
EGFR inhibitor

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7
Q

What is an example of a CD20 inhibitor?

A

Rituximab

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8
Q

What is rituximab used for?

A

Lymphoma

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9
Q

What are examples of HER2 inhibitors?

A

Herceptin

Tratuzumab

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10
Q

What are HER2 inhibitors used for?

A

Breast cancer

Gastric cancer

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11
Q

What is an example of a VEGR inhibitor?

A

Bevacizumab

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12
Q

What is bevacizumab used for?

A

Ovarian cancer

Bowel cancer

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13
Q

What are examples of EGFR inhibitors?

A

Cetuximab

Panitumumab

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14
Q

What are EGFR inhibitors used for?

A

Bowel cancer

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15
Q

What are side effects of monoclonal antibodies?

A 
Skin toxicity 
Hair growth disorders
Nausea
Diarrhoea
Fatigue 
Hypertension
Myelosuppression
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16
Q

How do checkpoint inhibitors work?

A

T cells have PD-1 and B7.1 which detect cancer cells

Cancer cells produce PDL-1 which blocks PD-1 and B7.1

CTLA 4 is an immune regulator which binds to B7.1 and prevents T cells attacking other cells

17
Q

What are examples of PD-1 inhibitors?

A

Nivolumab

Pembrolizumab

18
Q

What are the uses for PD-1 inhibitors?

A

Melanoma
NSCLC
Renal cancer

19
Q

What is the mechanism of PD-1 inhibitors?

A

Blocks PD-1 so that PDL-1 cannot bind

Allows T cell to recognise cancer cell

20
Q

What is the mechanism of CTLA 4 inhibitor?

A

Blocks CTLA4 so that it cannot prevent T cell activity

21
Q

What is an example of a CTLA4 inhibitor?

A

Imipilimumab

22
Q

What is a use for imipilimumab?

A

Melanoma

23
Q

What are side effects of checkpoint inhibitors?

A

Inflammatory skin reactions
Increased immune activity
N+V
SJS/TEN

Cancer Care (14 decks)

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