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Cancer Care > Head & Neck Tumours > Flashcards

Head & Neck Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

Where do H&N tumours often arise?

A

Mucosa

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2
Q

What are risk factors for H&N tumours?

A

Lifestyle

  • smoking
  • alcohol
  • betel nut

Viruses

  • HPV 16 + 18
  • EBV

Occupational

  • wood dust
  • asbestos
  • formaldehyde
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3
Q

What are symptoms of H&N tumours?

A

Depend on location

Lymphadenopathy

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4
Q

What symptoms can advanced tumours cause?

A

Breathing problems
Eating problems
Carotid involvement
Hoarse voice

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5
Q

What are signs of H&N tumours?

A 
Lymphadenopathy 
Hoarse voice
Prolonged oral ulcer
Leukoplakia
Erythroplakia
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6
Q

What investigations are done for suspected H&N tumours?

A 
Ultrasound + FNA
FNE (fibreoptic nasoendoscopy)
CT / MRI
Panendoscopy
PET
P16
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7
Q

What is P16?

A

Staining using immunohistochemistry

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8
Q

How are H&N tumours managed?

A

MDT

Radical

  • surgery
  • chemoradiotherapy

Palliative

  • chemo
  • radiotherapy
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9
Q

Who is involved in an MDT for H&N tumours?

A

ENT
Maxillofacial
Dietician
SALT

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10
Q

What sites can H&N tumours affect?

A

Lip/oral cavity

Pharynx

  • oropharynx
  • nasopharynx
  • hypopharynx

Larynx

  • supraglottis
  • glottis
  • subglottis

Nasal cavity

Salivary glands

Thyroid

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11
Q

How are H&N tumours staged?

A

TMN staging

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12
Q

How do oral cavity tumours present?

A 
Lump 
Pain 
Tongue fixation 
Dysphagia 
Odynophagia
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13
Q

How are oral cavity tumours investigated?

A

Biopsy

CT/MRI

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14
Q

How are oral cavity tumours managed?

A

Surgery

Radiotherapy

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15
Q

How do pharyngeal tumours present?

A

Lump
Pain
Dysphagia
Weight loss

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16
Q

How are pharyngeal tumours investigated?

A

CT/MRI

Biopsy

17
Q

How are pharyngeal tumours managed?

A

Surgery
Radiotherapy

Feeding help

18
Q

How do laryngeal tumours present?

A 
Dysphonia 
Dysphagia
Referred otalgia
Neck lump 
Weight loss
19
Q

How are laryngeal tumours managed?

A

Surgery
- laryngectomy (require tracheostomy)

Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy

20
Q

How do thyroid tumours present?

A

Lump
Compressive symptoms
Voice change

21
Q

How are thyroid tumours investigated?

A

Triple assessment

  • full history + exam
  • ultrasound
  • FNA
22
Q

What are the types of thyroid cancer?

A

Papillary
Follicular
Medullary
Anaplastic

23
Q

How are thyroid tumours managed?

A

Thyroidectomy

Radioactive iodine

Chemo/radiotherapy

Cancer Care (14 decks)

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