Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cancer Care > Breast Cancer > Flashcards

Breast Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are risk factors for breast cancer?

A 
Early menarche
Late menopause
Nulliparity
Prolonged HRT/COCP
FHx
Post menopausal obesity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What factor causes most of the risk factors for breast cancer?

A

Increased oestrogen exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which genes can cause a FHx of breast cancer?

A

BRCA1

  • chromosome 17
  • 60% chance of breast ca

BRCA2
- chromosome 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are clinical features of breast cancer?

A

Often asymptomatic

Lump 
Discharge/bleeding from nipples
Change in size
Change in contour
Change in nipple appearace
Skin changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is breast cancer screened for?

A

Every 3 years

> 50 women or >40 if high risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is breast cancer investigated?

A

Triple assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What makes up the triple assessment?

A

Clinical
Radiology
Biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What makes up the clinical part of the triple assessment?

A

History

Examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What makes up the radiology part of the triple assessment?

A

Mammogram
Ultrasound

+/- MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is a mammogram preferred?

A

> 35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What views are available from a mammogram?

A

Caudocranial

Oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is an ultrasound preferred?

A

<40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What makes up the biopsy part of the triple assessment?

A

FNA - cytology

Core biopsy - histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can a core biopsy be used to work out?

A

Stage

Receptor status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 2WW referral criteria for breast cancer?

A

> 30 + unexplained breast lump

> 50 + any of in 1 nipple

  • discharge
  • retraction
  • other concerning change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is prognosis for breast cancer calculated?

A

Nottingham prognostic index

(cancer size * 0.2) + grade(1-3) + nodal status

Grade = bloom-richardson classification

Nodal status

  • 0 nodes = 1
  • 1-4 nodes = 2
  • > 4 nodes = 3
17
Q

How is breast cancer classfied?

A

Invasive

  • ductal
  • lobular

In situ

  • ductal
  • lobular
18
Q

Which type of breast cancer is most common?

A

Invasive ductal

19
Q

What is the pattern of invasive lobular?

A

Diffuse pattern

Makes detection difficult

20
Q

How is in situ ductal usually detected?

A

Microcalcifications during screening

21
Q

How is in situ ductal cancer managed?

A

WLE

22
Q

How is low grade in situ lobular cancer managed?

A

Monitoring

23
Q

How is high grade in situ lobular cancer managed?

A

Double mastectomy

24
Q

How is breast cancer managed?

A

see flow chart in notes

Chemo
Surgery
RT
Hormonal therapy

25
Q

What types of surgery can be done for breast cancer?

A

WLE = tumour + 1cm margin

Mastectomy = removal of all breast tissue

26
Q

Which hormonal treatments are available?

A

Tamoxifen
Anastrozole
Herceptin

27
Q

What is tamoxifen?

A

Oestrogen antagonist

Blocks ER

28
Q

When can tamoxifen be used?

A

Pre + post menopausal women

29
Q

What are the side effects of tamoxifen?

A

Increased DVT risk
Increased endometrial cancer risk
Reduced osteoporosis risk

30
Q

What is anastrozole?

A

Aromatase inhibitor

Prevents oestrogen production post menopause

31
Q

When can anastrozole be used?

A

Post menopause

32
Q

What are the side effects of anastrozole?

A

Reduced DVT risk

Increased osteoporosis risk

33
Q

What is herceptin used for?

A

HER2+ positive cancer

34
Q

What is a side effect of herceptin?

A

Cardiac toxicity

Cancer Care (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions