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Cancer Care > Colorectal Cancer > Flashcards

Colorectal Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the inherited risk factors for colorectal cancer?

A

FAP
HNPCC
Fhx
IBD

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2
Q

What is FAP?

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis

Autosomal dominant

APC gene mutation

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3
Q

What is HNPCC?

A

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

Autosomal dominant

DNA mismatch repair

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4
Q

What is HNPCC also known as?

A

Lynch syndrome

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5
Q

What are the lifestyle risk factors for colorectal cancer?

A

Western diet
Obesity
Smoking
Alcohol

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6
Q

What are the features of colorectal cancer?

A 
Change in bowel habits
Rectal bleeding
Weight loss
Abdo pain 
Iron deficiency anaemia
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7
Q

What is the UK screening programme for colorectal cancer?

A

60-75 years

Every 2 years

Faecal immunohistochemistry test

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8
Q

What are the 2WW referral criteria for colorectal cancer?

A

> 40 + unexplained weight loss + abdo pain

> 50 + unexplained rectal bleeding

> 60 + iron def anaemia OR changes in bowel habit

Positive faecal occult blood test

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9
Q

What investigations are done for colorectal cancer?

A

Colonoscopy + biopsy

Bloods

  • FBC
  • CEA
  • LFTs

CT CAP - staging

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10
Q

How is colorectal cancer managed?

A

Surgery

Chemotherapy

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11
Q

What different surgeries can be done?

A 
Right hemicolectomy
Left hemicolectomy 
Sigmoid colectomy 
Anterior resection 
AP resection 
Hartman's procedure
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12
Q

What is a right hemicolectomy used for?

A

Caecum or ascending colon tumour

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13
Q

What is a left hemicolectomy used for?

A

Descending colon tumour

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14
Q

What is a sigmoid colectomy used for?

A

Sigmoid colon tumour

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15
Q

What is an anterior resection used for?

A

High rectal tumour >5cm from anus

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16
Q

What is an AP resection used for?

A

Low rectal tumour <5cm from anus

17
Q

What is a Hartman’s procedure used for?

A

Emergency surgery

Complete resection of rectosigmoid colon

18
Q

How is colorectal cancer staged?

A

Stage 0 = mucosa only

  • T1
  • Duke A

Stage 1 = invasion into muscular layer

  • T1-4
  • Duke B

Stage 2 = invasion through serosa and local tissues

Stage 3 = spread to local LNs

  • N1-2
  • Duke C

Stage 4 = distant mets

  • M1
  • Duke D
19
Q

What is the Duke staging system?

A

Colorectal cancer

A = confined beneath muscularis propria

B = extension through muscularis propria

C = involvement of local LNs

D = distant metastasis

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