Lung Cancer

Question 1

what are two other lung diseases that raise risk for lung cancer?

Answer 1

COPD

UIP

Question 2

what is the basis of treatment for NSCLC?

Answer 2

targeted gene therapy after discovering what the driving mutation is of the NSCLC

Question 3

what is the most common mutation of NSCLC?

Answer 3

KRAS23

Question 4

what is an important screening target for NSCLC?

Answer 4

epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFP)

Question 5

what do tumor cells have on them that prevent T cell binding and killing?

Answer 5

anti PD-1 ligands

Question 6

what do T cells have on them that help kill cancer cells?

Answer 6

PD-1 proteins

Question 7

what do PD-1 proteins do?

Answer 7

programmed death of cancer cells

Question 8

what is more common, small cell cancer or NSCLC?

Answer 8

NSCLC is about 80%

Question 9

name the three types of NSCLC

Answer 9

adenocarcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
large cell

Question 10

what is the most common NSCLC?

Answer 10

adenocarcinoma

Question 11

if a non smoker has lung cancer, what is the likely type?

Answer 11

adenocarcinoma

Question 12

is adenocarcinoma in central or periphery of lungs?

Answer 12

periphery

Question 13

what is hypertrophic osteoarthritis? what cancer does it present with?

Answer 13

triad of clubbing, periostitis of long bones and arthritis

adenocarcinoma

Question 14

what are the two sub groups of lung adenocarcinoma?

Answer 14

mucinous and non mucinous

Question 15

mucinous adenocarcinoma is associated with what type of sputum?

Answer 15

frothy sputum

Question 16

who gets squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 16

SMOKERS

Question 17

is squamous cell carcinoma in central or periphery of the lungs?

Answer 17

central

Question 18

which lung cancer can cavitate?

Answer 18

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 19

which lung cancer is associated with hypercalcemia and weakness?

Answer 19

sqaumous cell carcinoma

Question 20

who gets small cell lung cancer?

Answer 20

only SMOKERS

Question 21

describe the pathogenesis and location of small cell lung cancer

Answer 21

centrally located with mediastinal lymph node involvememtn

Question 22

is NSCLC or small cell lung cancer more aggressive?

Answer 22

small cell

Question 23

what is the most common presentation for lung cancer?

Answer 23

non specific symptoms

Question 24

paraneoplastic syndromes are more common in what type of lung cancer?

Answer 24

small cell

Question 25

name the three paraneoplastic syndromes of NSCLC

Answer 25

HPO Clubbing Hypercalcemia

Question 26

what is a good imaging manner to see peripheral cancers of the lungs?

Answer 26

transthoracic needle biopsy

Question 27

what is the staging gradient for NSCLC?

Answer 27

T N M

Question 28

what is the T in the NSCLC staging gradient?

Answer 28

tumor size and location

Question 29

what is the M in the NSCLC staging gradient?

Answer 29

metastases distance

Question 30

what is the N in the NSCLC staging gradient?

Answer 30

nodal lymph involvement

Question 31

what is treatment for stage 1 NSCLC?

Answer 31

surgery

Question 32

what is treatment for stage 2 NSCLC?

Answer 32

surgery followed by chemo

Question 33

what is treatment for stage 3 NSCLC?

Answer 33

chemo, radiation and immunotherapy

Question 34

what is treatment for stage 4 NSCLC?

Answer 34

chemo, radiation, targeted therapy, immunotherapy

Question 35

which stage of NSCLC has targeted therapy?

Answer 35

stage 4

Question 36

what are the two staging classes for the small cell lung cancers?

Answer 36

limited | extensive

Question 37

what is the limited stage of small cell lung cancer?

Answer 37

disease confined to hemithorax that can be confined by a radiation port

Question 38

what is the extensive phase of small cell lung cancer?

Answer 38

tumor is beyond the scope of a radiation port

Question 39

in what stage of NSCLC and small cell lung cancer do you send chemo to bones and brain?

Answer 39

stage four for NSCLC | extensive phase for small cell

Question 40

is CT screening for cancer advised? if so in what situation?

Answer 40

yes...only if patient has 30 year pack history and above age 55

Question 41

what type of cell predominates in a hamartoma?

Answer 41

cartilage...mesenchymal

Question 42

describe how hamartomas appear grossly?

Answer 42

they are solitary well formed lobules

Question 43

what type of lung neoplasm has popcorn calcification?

Answer 43

hamartomas

Question 44

which two lung cancers are only associated with smokers?

Answer 44

squamous cell and small cell

Question 45

what lung structure is usually involved in squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 45

bronchi

Question 46

what are two histological findings in squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 46

keratin pearls | desmosome intercellular bridges

Question 47

when squamous cell carcinoma is in situ, what is holding it in place?

Answer 47

the basement membrane

Question 48

adenocarcinoma is a cancer of what cell type?

Answer 48

glands

Question 49

is adenocarcinome more common in periphery or central?

Answer 49

periphery

Question 50

what are the two classes of adenocarcinoma?

Answer 50

mucinous and non-mucinous

Question 51

can adenocarcinoma be bilateral or unilateral?

Answer 51

can be both

Question 52

what are the three paraneoplastic syndromes associated with small cell carcinoma?

Answer 52

ectopic ACTH ADH Eaton-lambert

Question 53

is small cell carcinoma mainly central or periphery?

Answer 53

central

Question 54

name three histologic characteristics of small cell carcinoma

Answer 54

apoptotic bodies molding lots of mitosis