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Respiratory Week 3 > Lung Cancer > Flashcards

Lung Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

what are two other lung diseases that raise risk for lung cancer?

A

COPD

UIP

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2
Q

what is the basis of treatment for NSCLC?

A

targeted gene therapy after discovering what the driving mutation is of the NSCLC

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3
Q

what is the most common mutation of NSCLC?

A

KRAS23

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4
Q

what is an important screening target for NSCLC?

A

epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFP)

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5
Q

what do tumor cells have on them that prevent T cell binding and killing?

A

anti PD-1 ligands

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6
Q

what do T cells have on them that help kill cancer cells?

A

PD-1 proteins

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7
Q

what do PD-1 proteins do?

A

programmed death of cancer cells

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8
Q

what is more common, small cell cancer or NSCLC?

A

NSCLC is about 80%

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9
Q

name the three types of NSCLC

A

adenocarcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
large cell

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10
Q

what is the most common NSCLC?

A

adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

if a non smoker has lung cancer, what is the likely type?

A

adenocarcinoma

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12
Q

is adenocarcinoma in central or periphery of lungs?

A

periphery

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13
Q

what is hypertrophic osteoarthritis? what cancer does it present with?

A

triad of clubbing, periostitis of long bones and arthritis

adenocarcinoma

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14
Q

what are the two sub groups of lung adenocarcinoma?

A

mucinous and non mucinous

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15
Q

mucinous adenocarcinoma is associated with what type of sputum?

A

frothy sputum

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16
Q

who gets squamous cell carcinoma?

A

SMOKERS

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17
Q

is squamous cell carcinoma in central or periphery of the lungs?

A

central

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18
Q

which lung cancer can cavitate?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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19
Q

which lung cancer is associated with hypercalcemia and weakness?

A

sqaumous cell carcinoma

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20
Q

who gets small cell lung cancer?

A

only SMOKERS

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21
Q

describe the pathogenesis and location of small cell lung cancer

A

centrally located with mediastinal lymph node involvememtn

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22
Q

is NSCLC or small cell lung cancer more aggressive?

A

small cell

23
Q

what is the most common presentation for lung cancer?

A

non specific symptoms

24
Q

paraneoplastic syndromes are more common in what type of lung cancer?

A

small cell

25
Q

name the three paraneoplastic syndromes of NSCLC

A

HPO
Clubbing
Hypercalcemia

26
Q

what is a good imaging manner to see peripheral cancers of the lungs?

A

transthoracic needle biopsy

27
Q

what is the staging gradient for NSCLC?

A

T
N
M

28
Q

what is the T in the NSCLC staging gradient?

A

tumor size and location

29
Q

what is the M in the NSCLC staging gradient?

A

metastases distance

30
Q

what is the N in the NSCLC staging gradient?

A

nodal lymph involvement

31
Q

what is treatment for stage 1 NSCLC?

A

surgery

32
Q

what is treatment for stage 2 NSCLC?

A

surgery followed by chemo

33
Q

what is treatment for stage 3 NSCLC?

A

chemo, radiation and immunotherapy

34
Q

what is treatment for stage 4 NSCLC?

A

chemo, radiation, targeted therapy, immunotherapy

35
Q

which stage of NSCLC has targeted therapy?

A

stage 4

36
Q

what are the two staging classes for the small cell lung cancers?

A

limited

extensive

37
Q

what is the limited stage of small cell lung cancer?

A

disease confined to hemithorax that can be confined by a radiation port

38
Q

what is the extensive phase of small cell lung cancer?

A

tumor is beyond the scope of a radiation port

39
Q

in what stage of NSCLC and small cell lung cancer do you send chemo to bones and brain?

A

stage four for NSCLC

extensive phase for small cell

40
Q

is CT screening for cancer advised? if so in what situation?

A

yes…only if patient has 30 year pack history and above age 55

41
Q

what type of cell predominates in a hamartoma?

A

cartilage…mesenchymal

42
Q

describe how hamartomas appear grossly?

A

they are solitary well formed lobules

43
Q

what type of lung neoplasm has popcorn calcification?

A

hamartomas

44
Q

which two lung cancers are only associated with smokers?

A

squamous cell and small cell

45
Q

what lung structure is usually involved in squamous cell carcinoma?

A

bronchi

46
Q

what are two histological findings in squamous cell carcinoma?

A

keratin pearls

desmosome intercellular bridges

47
Q

when squamous cell carcinoma is in situ, what is holding it in place?

A

the basement membrane

48
Q

adenocarcinoma is a cancer of what cell type?

A

glands

49
Q

is adenocarcinome more common in periphery or central?

A

periphery

50
Q

what are the two classes of adenocarcinoma?

A

mucinous and non-mucinous

51
Q

can adenocarcinoma be bilateral or unilateral?

A

can be both

52
Q

what are the three paraneoplastic syndromes associated with small cell carcinoma?

A

ectopic ACTH
ADH
Eaton-lambert

53
Q

is small cell carcinoma mainly central or periphery?

A

central

54
Q

name three histologic characteristics of small cell carcinoma

A

apoptotic bodies
molding
lots of mitosis

Respiratory Week 3 (14 decks)

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