Bronchiectasis Flashcards
what are the three common characteristics of bronhciectasis?
cough…always
lots of purulent green sputum
waxes and wanes over time
what lung disorder leads to copious amounts of green yellow purulent sputum?
bronchiectasis
is bronchiectsasis curable?
No, but it is manageable
in bronchiectasis are the airways constricted or dilated?
dilated
what type of inflammation is found in bronchiectasis?
neutrophils
what is a common bacteria that confounds bronchiecteis?
non TB mycobacterium
is bronchiectasis more common in men or women? young or old?
more common in women and the elderly (60-80)
what is it called when symptoms worsen from baseline with bronchiectasis?
an exacerbation
name the four bacteria commonly associated with bronchiectasis
H flu
Staph A
pseudomonas
non myco TB
what is a common reason for the onset of bronchiectasis?
infection…called post infectious bronchiectasis
what bug tips you off for bronchiectasis in a sputum sample?
pseudomonas…proceed with CT scan
what is the most common cause of bronchiectasis?
idiopathic
is bronchiectasis reversible?
no it is irreversible
why are infections common in bronchiectasis?
loss of the mucociliary elevator in the epithelium of the lungs
what happens to the bronchial wall in bronchiectasis? aside from dilatation
it gets destroyed by neutrophils and lymphocytes
what is the four step vicious cycle seen in bronchietasis?
tissue damage…impaired sputum clearance…bacteria colonize…bacteria infect…tissue damage
what is the second most common cause of bronchioectasis?
post infective
how does kartageners and CF cause bronchiectasis?
they dont allow the cilia to work well and lead to infection and dilatation
what is a an allergic reaction that can lead to bronchiectasis?
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
can asthma cause bronchiectasis?
yessir
name two genetic abnormalities that can lead to bronchiectasis?
CF and alpha1antitrypsin deficiency
why does primary ciliary dyskinesia present so often in neonates?
because the lung is not able to clear the fluid that is present at birth
name five signs of abnormal ciliary biogenesis or primary ciliary dyskinesia
neonatal respiratory distress chronic daily wet cough chronic airway disease with age dependent bronchiectasis recurrent otitis media reduced fertility (especially males)
list four signs of bronchiectasis
finger clubbing
crackles
wheezes
sputum samples
what can happen physically in patients with bronchiectasis?
tall thin and pectus excavatum
what imaging can you do for bronchiectasis
CT and X ray…golden is CT
what drug is commonly given for pseudomonas exacerbation of bronchiectasis?
azithromycin
what is a common referral for patients with bronchiectasis? Why?
PT…for clearance of fluid
what is a life change people make to clear out sputum in bronchiectasis?
exercise helps clear the lungs out
what is the additional benefit of giving macrolides for treatment of exacerbation in bronchiectasis?
it has an anti inflammatory effect too
what situations call for IV antibiotics with exacerbation in bronchiectasis?
resistant gram negative organism
failure of oral antibiotics
hemoptysis
