Bronchiectasis

Question 1

what are the three common characteristics of bronhciectasis?

Answer 1

cough…always
lots of purulent green sputum
waxes and wanes over time

Question 2

what lung disorder leads to copious amounts of green yellow purulent sputum?

Answer 2

bronchiectasis

Question 3

is bronchiectsasis curable?

Answer 3

No, but it is manageable

Question 4

in bronchiectasis are the airways constricted or dilated?

Answer 4

dilated

Question 5

what type of inflammation is found in bronchiectasis?

Answer 5

neutrophils

Question 6

what is a common bacteria that confounds bronchiecteis?

Answer 6

non TB mycobacterium

Question 7

is bronchiectasis more common in men or women? young or old?

Answer 7

more common in women and the elderly (60-80)

Question 8

what is it called when symptoms worsen from baseline with bronchiectasis?

Answer 8

an exacerbation

Question 9

name the four bacteria commonly associated with bronchiectasis

Answer 9

H flu
Staph A
pseudomonas
non myco TB

Question 10

what is a common reason for the onset of bronchiectasis?

Answer 10

infection…called post infectious bronchiectasis

Question 11

what bug tips you off for bronchiectasis in a sputum sample?

Answer 11

pseudomonas…proceed with CT scan

Question 12

what is the most common cause of bronchiectasis?

Answer 12

idiopathic

Question 13

is bronchiectasis reversible?

Answer 13

no it is irreversible

Question 14

why are infections common in bronchiectasis?

Answer 14

loss of the mucociliary elevator in the epithelium of the lungs

Question 15

what happens to the bronchial wall in bronchiectasis? aside from dilatation

Answer 15

it gets destroyed by neutrophils and lymphocytes

Question 16

what is the four step vicious cycle seen in bronchietasis?

Answer 16

tissue damage…impaired sputum clearance…bacteria colonize…bacteria infect…tissue damage

Question 17

what is the second most common cause of bronchioectasis?

Answer 17

post infective

Question 18

how does kartageners and CF cause bronchiectasis?

Answer 18

they dont allow the cilia to work well and lead to infection and dilatation

Question 19

what is a an allergic reaction that can lead to bronchiectasis?

Answer 19

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Question 20

can asthma cause bronchiectasis?

Answer 20

yessir

Question 21

name two genetic abnormalities that can lead to bronchiectasis?

Answer 21

CF and alpha1antitrypsin deficiency

Question 22

why does primary ciliary dyskinesia present so often in neonates?

Answer 22

because the lung is not able to clear the fluid that is present at birth

Question 23

name five signs of abnormal ciliary biogenesis or primary ciliary dyskinesia

Answer 23

neonatal respiratory distress
chronic daily wet cough
chronic airway disease with age dependent bronchiectasis
recurrent otitis media 
reduced fertility (especially males)

Question 24

list four signs of bronchiectasis

Answer 24

finger clubbing
crackles
wheezes
sputum samples

Question 25

what can happen physically in patients with bronchiectasis?

Answer 25

tall thin and pectus excavatum

Question 26

what imaging can you do for bronchiectasis

Answer 26

CT and X ray…golden is CT

Question 27

what drug is commonly given for pseudomonas exacerbation of bronchiectasis?

Answer 27

azithromycin

Question 28

what is a common referral for patients with bronchiectasis? Why?

Answer 28

PT…for clearance of fluid

Question 29

what is a life change people make to clear out sputum in bronchiectasis?

Answer 29

exercise helps clear the lungs out

Question 30

what is the additional benefit of giving macrolides for treatment of exacerbation in bronchiectasis?

Answer 30

it has an anti inflammatory effect too

Question 31

what situations call for IV antibiotics with exacerbation in bronchiectasis?

Answer 31

resistant gram negative organism
failure of oral antibiotics
hemoptysis