lung cancer Flashcards
cough hemoptysis chest pain weight loss, night sweats pneumonia pleural effusion airway obstruction paraneoplastic syndrome hoarseness: recurrent laryngeal nerve Horner syndrome: pancoast tumor dysphagia: esophageal invasion superior vena cava syndrome
lung cancer presentation
most common cause of death in men and women
lung cancer
4 types of lung cancer (based on histological type)
1) small cell lung carcinoma
2) non-small cell carcinoma: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma
most common type of primary lung cancer OVERALL
adenocarcinoma
PERIPHERAL location
most common lung cancer in NON-SMOKERS + FEMALES, also found in SMOKERS
adenocarcinoma
activating mutations associated with this lung cancer: EGFR, ALK, ROS, RET, KRAS genes
adenocarcinoma
2nd most common type of primary lung cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
CENTRAL location hilar mass arising from bronchus cavitated lesion on xray or CT associated with SMOKING ↑Ca
squamous cell carcinoma
keratin pearls
squamous cell carcinoma (characteristic of many squamous cell cancers)
squamous cell cancer characteristics
keratin pearls
secrete PTRrP →↑ Ca
PERIPHERAL location associated with SMOKING anaplastic, undifferentiated cells giant cells poor prognosis (poor response to chemo)
large cell carcinoma
high nucleus: cytoplasm ratio
CENTRAL location
associated with SMOKING
cushing syndrome or
SIADH (hyponatremia) or Lambert-Eaton syndrome (muscle weakness that IMPROVES with use)
undifferentiated, aggressive - poor prognosis
small cell carcinoma
Central
Smokers
Secreting
squamous cell carcinoma (PTHrP)
small cell carcinoma (ACTH, ADH, or Abs against Ca channel)
all S sounds
paraneoplastic syndrome associated with squamous cell carcinoma lung cancer
secretes PTHrP → hypercalcemia
3 paraneoplastic syndromes associated with small cell carcinoma
lung cancer secretes:
1) ACTH → cushing syndrome
2) ADH → SIADH (hyponatremia)
3) Abs against presynaptic Ca channels → Lambert-Eaton syndrome (muscle weakness that IMPROVES with use)