genital embryology Flashcards
fates of the embryologic kidney
pronephros: degenerates
mesonephros: degenerates after 1st tri UNLESS testosterone induces it to stay, contains mesonephric ducts (fully canalized duct system)
metanephros: becomes ADULT kidney
paramesonephric (mullerian) duct develops into
female internal structures IN PRESENCE OF NOTHING (default pathway):
fallopian tubes
uterus
upper portion of vagina
lower vagina is derived from
urogenital sinus → sinovaginal bulbs → lower vagina
agenesis or hypoplasia of the mullerian ducts can cause
upper vaginal agenesis or atresia: congenital absence of vagina
abnormal sinovaginal bulbs (derived from urogenital sinus) can cause
lower vagina agenesis or atresia
mesonephric (wolffian) duct develops into
male internal structures IN PRESENCE OF TESTOSTERONE: SEED (no prostate): Seminal vesicles Epididymis Ejaculatory ducts Ductus deferens
incomplete fusion of paramesonephric ducts or complete failure of fusion can cause
partial or complete bicornuate uterus (double uterus + vagina)
recurrent miscarriages
meatus of penile urethra opens on inferior (ventral) side due to failure of of urethral folds to close
hypospadias
more common
meatus of penile urethra opens on superior (dorsal) side due to faulty positioning of gential tubercle
epispadias
more severe - associated with exstrophy of bladder
exstrophy of bladder
Epispadias = Extrophy
congenital gap in anterior bladder wall + abdominal wall in front of it → exposure of bladder interior to outside wall
exstrophy of bladder
embryologic structure that aids in descent of testes through inguinal canal → scrotum
gubernaculum
female remnant of gubernaculum
ovarian ligament round ligament (anchors uterus fundus to labia majora)
male remnant of gubernaculum
anchors testes within scrotum
male remnant of processus vaginalis (evagination of peritoneum)
tunica vaginalis - covers testes
