Lule Chapter 4: Newspapers

Question 1

First amendment

Answer 1

protected individual liberty over the press

Question 2

John Milton’s treatise “Areopagitica”

Answer 2

criticized the British Parliament’s regulation of texts, which paved the way for the freedom of the press and was considered by the writers of the U.S. Constitution

Question 3

Trial of John Peter Zenger

Answer 3

he founded The New York Weekly Journal, which soon began criticizing the government and spurred a trial in 1734– the jury ignored the judge and delivered a not guilty verdict

Question 4

Penny Press

Answer 4

a newspaper format that used small print and small paper for mass distribution– made newspapers cheap and more widely available

Question 5

Benjamin Day (1830s)

Answer 5

Author of “The Sun”, the first penny paper– sold for just a penny

Question 6

Growth of wire services/ telegraph

Answer 6

Samuel Morse created telegraph in 1837

Question 7

Yellow Journalism

Answer 7

uses sensationalism, misleading stories, and distorted images to boost sales

Question 8

Joseph Pulitzer

Answer 8

developed Yellow Journalism

Question 9

William Randolph Hearst

Answer 9

took over “The New York Journal” at the same time Pulitzer was establishing his company

Question 10

Sensationalism

Answer 10

used crime, violence, and sex in headlines to sell papers

Question 11

Tabloids

Answer 11

weekly or biweekly journals that focus on entertainment or local issues without any objectivity

Question 12

Interpretive Journalism

Answer 12

a style of writing that goes beyond providing the basic facts to include context and analysis of an event or issue– launched in 1920s-1930s

Question 13

Op-ed (opposite the editorial page)

Answer 13

an article written by an unaffiliated journalist to an event that expresses opinions– 1960s

Question 14

Byline

Answer 14

the credit line identifying the author of the article, were originally a way to distinguish an objective report from an interpretation

Question 15

Literary (New) Journalism 1960s

Answer 15

retains strict adherence to factual reporting but portrays events with scenes and drama of fiction writing– combines journalistic and fictional styles

Question 16

Tom Wolfe

Answer 16

worked with literary journalistic style, which brings voice and character to historical events, focusing on the construction of the scene rather than the simple reporting or retelling of the fact

Question 17

Truman Capote

Answer 17

wrote “In Cold Blood”, a non-fiction book, in 1965, which often credited with starting a real wave of literary journalism

Question 18

Advocacy Journalism

Answer 18

a style of journalism that expresses a biased position to generate support for a cause– author intentionally adopts a biased, non-objective viewpoint

Question 19

Precision (Data) Journalism

Answer 19

a style of journalism that consciously employs social and behavioral science and research, with an emphasis on factual reporting through statistics, polls, and data

Question 20

Niche Publications

Answer 20

designed to reach a specific target group

Question 21

Underground Press

Answer 21

underground papers are typically printed with a small budget and cover stories and events of interest to members of alternative or counter cultures

Question 22

Watchdog Journalism

Answer 22

(1) independent scrutiny by the press of the activities of government, business, and other public institutions to (2) document, question, and investigate those activities to (3) provide the public and officials with timely information on issues of public concern

Question 23

Local News

Answer 23

reporting and coverage about a place, which would not be of much interest to people in another place (usually the local newspaper)

Question 24

News Deserts

Answer 24

swaths of the country that no longer have access to local newspapers

Question 25

Paywall

Answer 25

a digital feature that requires a viewer to pay for content after a certain number of visit

Question 26

The New York Times

Answer 26

agenda-setting function

Question 27

The Wall Street Journal

Answer 27

large, niche business audience

Question 28

The Washington Post

Answer 28

Had downfall, Jeff Bezos is owner

Question 29

USA Today

Answer 29

hurt by COVID-19 due to distribution at hotels, airports

Question 30

Chicago Tribune

Answer 30

struggling

Question 31

Pulitzer vs. Hearst

Answer 31

competition between Hearst and Pulitzer impacted politics and war, such as sensationalizing the brutality of the Spanish-American war in 1898

Question 32

Gay Talese

Answer 32

wrote “The Vouyer’s Motel” – a nonfiction work of literary journalism