Lule Chapter 4: Newspapers Flashcards
First amendment
protected individual liberty over the press
John Milton’s treatise “Areopagitica”
criticized the British Parliament’s regulation of texts, which paved the way for the freedom of the press and was considered by the writers of the U.S. Constitution
Trial of John Peter Zenger
he founded The New York Weekly Journal, which soon began criticizing the government and spurred a trial in 1734– the jury ignored the judge and delivered a not guilty verdict
Penny Press
a newspaper format that used small print and small paper for mass distribution– made newspapers cheap and more widely available
Benjamin Day (1830s)
Author of “The Sun”, the first penny paper– sold for just a penny
Growth of wire services/ telegraph
Samuel Morse created telegraph in 1837
Yellow Journalism
uses sensationalism, misleading stories, and distorted images to boost sales
Joseph Pulitzer
developed Yellow Journalism
William Randolph Hearst
took over “The New York Journal” at the same time Pulitzer was establishing his company
Sensationalism
used crime, violence, and sex in headlines to sell papers
Tabloids
weekly or biweekly journals that focus on entertainment or local issues without any objectivity
Interpretive Journalism
a style of writing that goes beyond providing the basic facts to include context and analysis of an event or issue– launched in 1920s-1930s
Op-ed (opposite the editorial page)
an article written by an unaffiliated journalist to an event that expresses opinions– 1960s
Byline
the credit line identifying the author of the article, were originally a way to distinguish an objective report from an interpretation
Literary (New) Journalism 1960s
retains strict adherence to factual reporting but portrays events with scenes and drama of fiction writing– combines journalistic and fictional styles
Tom Wolfe
worked with literary journalistic style, which brings voice and character to historical events, focusing on the construction of the scene rather than the simple reporting or retelling of the fact
Truman Capote
wrote “In Cold Blood”, a non-fiction book, in 1965, which often credited with starting a real wave of literary journalism
Advocacy Journalism
a style of journalism that expresses a biased position to generate support for a cause– author intentionally adopts a biased, non-objective viewpoint
Precision (Data) Journalism
a style of journalism that consciously employs social and behavioral science and research, with an emphasis on factual reporting through statistics, polls, and data
Niche Publications
designed to reach a specific target group
Underground Press
underground papers are typically printed with a small budget and cover stories and events of interest to members of alternative or counter cultures
Watchdog Journalism
(1) independent scrutiny by the press of the activities of government, business, and other public institutions to (2) document, question, and investigate those activities to (3) provide the public and officials with timely information on issues of public concern
Local News
reporting and coverage about a place, which would not be of much interest to people in another place (usually the local newspaper)
News Deserts
swaths of the country that no longer have access to local newspapers
Paywall
a digital feature that requires a viewer to pay for content after a certain number of visit
The New York Times
agenda-setting function
The Wall Street Journal
large, niche business audience
The Washington Post
Had downfall, Jeff Bezos is owner
USA Today
hurt by COVID-19 due to distribution at hotels, airports
Chicago Tribune
struggling
Pulitzer vs. Hearst
competition between Hearst and Pulitzer impacted politics and war, such as sensationalizing the brutality of the Spanish-American war in 1898
Gay Talese
wrote “The Vouyer’s Motel” – a nonfiction work of literary journalism
