Lule Chapter 1: The medium is the message

Question 1

mass communication

Answer 1

Information transmitted to large segments of the population

Question 2

media

Answer 2

A means of
communication and transmission; a plural of medium

Question 3

mass media

Answer 3

The means of communication that is designed to reach a wide audience

Question 4

culture

Answer 4

The expressed and shared values, attitudes, beliefs, and practices that characterize a social group, organization, or institution

Question 5

Gutenberg’s mechanical moveable type (later became the printing press)

Answer 5

Information was more widely available and able to be spread much faster– made available to mass market in 1844 (15th century)

Question 6

penny press

Answer 6

gains popularity in the mid-1800s– privileged news of murder and adventure over the dry political news of the day

Question 7

Morse’s electrical telegraph

Answer 7

Laid foundation to radio– made in 1837

Question 8

Kodak camera

Answer 8

Made in 1888 and led to 19th century photographs– laid foundation for TV

Question 9

postmodern era

Answer 9

began during the second half of the 20th century– revealed instability after war, destruction, and the rise of the internet

Question 10

tastemakers

Answer 10

people or institutions that influence mass media and shape the way others think, eat, listen, drink, dress, and act

Question 11

gatekeepers

Answer 11

the people who help determine which stories make it to the public

Question 12

media literacy

Answer 12

The skill of being able to decode and process the messages and symbols transmitted by media; such as by learning how to discern bias, spin, and misinformation in the media

Question 13

disinformation

Answer 13

A deliberate lie meant to mislead– spreads false information

Question 14

misinformation

Answer 14

an honest mistake– spreads false information

Question 15

what is the purpose of the five media literacy questions (they are author, format, audience, content, and purpose)?

Answer 15

A person who is media literate is able to access, analyze, evaluate, and communicate information

Question 16

what was the impact of the first televised Presidential debate (Kennedy vs. Nixon)?

Answer 16

Kennedy appeared young, energetic, and more comfortable than Nixon on TV– while radio-only listeners deemed the debate a tie

Question 17

early newspapers

Answer 17

created an “imaginary community”

Question 18

what years did Marshall McLuhan work on media studies?

Answer 18

1950s-1980

Question 19

what does Marshall McLuhan’s “the medium is the message” really mean?

Answer 19

Each mediums physically impacts each person’s CNS (how the brain processes info) in a certain way– the media were more important than the content they carried

Question 20

communication model and its significance

Answer 20

“A media text’s purpose is to convey information from one party to another”– is too simplistic

Question 21

circuit of culture model and its significance

Answer 21

Pictures a circle in which producers, texts, and their consumers and representations are all linked together in the social world– the whole environment matters for creating meaning

Question 22

influencer

Answer 22

a tastemaker in the contemporary world, or someone with knowledge, authority, position, or power who can influence/ affect the actions of others

Question 23

popular culture

Answer 23

the media, products, and attitudes considered to be part of the mainstream of a given culture and the everyday life of common people

Question 24

technological convergence

Answer 24

the merging of technologies (ex: reading a textbook on a computer)

Question 25

global convergence

Answer 25

the process of geographically distant cultures influencing one another, despite oceans and mountains physically separating them (ex: “Bollywood”)

Question 26

cultural convergence

Answer 26

stories flowing across several kinds of media (ex: Dexter was a novel that became a TV series)

Question 27

participatory culture

Answer 27

the way media consumers are able to annotate, comment on, remix, and otherwise talk back to culture in unprecedented ways (ex: edits)

Question 28

organic convergence

Answer 28

what happens when someone is making flashcards on their laptop and listening to music on their phone at the same time

Question 29

economic convergence

Answer 29

the horizontal and vertical integration of the entertainment industry– a single company has interests across and within many kinds of media

Question 30

media convergence

Answer 30

the process by which previously distinct technologies come to share content, tasks, and resources (ex: A phone that takes pictures and videos)

Question 31

grand narratives in the postmodern era

Answer 31

the postmodern era rejects grand narratives, which are different large scale theories that attempted to explain the totality of human experience– it mistrusts absolute truths about the world

Question 32

modernism

Answer 32

• optimistic ideal
• universalism

Question 33

postmodernism

Answer 33

• nihilistic ideal
• meaning became difficult to discern amid the horror of societal breakdown

Question 34

the modern era

Answer 34

begins after the 14th century– marked by scientific discoveries and technological innovations

Question 35

cultural period

Answer 35

a time marked by a particular way of understanding the world through culture and technology– fundamental ways we perceive the world

Question 36

Marconi’s radio

Answer 36

Launched in 19th century and led to large radio networks (NBC and CBS)

Question 37

TV

Answer 37

Took off in 1950s

Question 38

crowd sourcing

Answer 38

the act of tasks traditionally preformed by an individual and delegating them to a (usually unpaid) crowd (ex: Yelp)

Question 39

who coined the 5 different types of convergence?

Answer 39

Henry Jenkins