Lule Chapter 1: The medium is the message Flashcards
mass communication
Information transmitted to large segments of the population
media
A means of
communication and transmission; a plural of medium
mass media
The means of communication that is designed to reach a wide audience
culture
The expressed and shared values, attitudes, beliefs, and practices that characterize a social group, organization, or institution
Gutenberg’s mechanical moveable type (later became the printing press)
Information was more widely available and able to be spread much faster– made available to mass market in 1844 (15th century)
penny press
gains popularity in the mid-1800s– privileged news of murder and adventure over the dry political news of the day
Morse’s electrical telegraph
Laid foundation to radio– made in 1837
Kodak camera
Made in 1888 and led to 19th century photographs– laid foundation for TV
postmodern era
began during the second half of the 20th century– revealed instability after war, destruction, and the rise of the internet
tastemakers
people or institutions that influence mass media and shape the way others think, eat, listen, drink, dress, and act
gatekeepers
the people who help determine which stories make it to the public
media literacy
The skill of being able to decode and process the messages and symbols transmitted by media; such as by learning how to discern bias, spin, and misinformation in the media
disinformation
A deliberate lie meant to mislead– spreads false information
misinformation
an honest mistake– spreads false information
what is the purpose of the five media literacy questions (they are author, format, audience, content, and purpose)?
A person who is media literate is able to access, analyze, evaluate, and communicate information
what was the impact of the first televised Presidential debate (Kennedy vs. Nixon)?
Kennedy appeared young, energetic, and more comfortable than Nixon on TV– while radio-only listeners deemed the debate a tie
early newspapers
created an “imaginary community”
what years did Marshall McLuhan work on media studies?
1950s-1980
what does Marshall McLuhan’s “the medium is the message” really mean?
Each mediums physically impacts each person’s CNS (how the brain processes info) in a certain way– the media were more important than the content they carried
communication model and its significance
“A media text’s purpose is to convey information from one party to another”– is too simplistic
circuit of culture model and its significance
Pictures a circle in which producers, texts, and their consumers and representations are all linked together in the social world– the whole environment matters for creating meaning
influencer
a tastemaker in the contemporary world, or someone with knowledge, authority, position, or power who can influence/ affect the actions of others
popular culture
the media, products, and attitudes considered to be part of the mainstream of a given culture and the everyday life of common people
technological convergence
the merging of technologies (ex: reading a textbook on a computer)
global convergence
the process of geographically distant cultures influencing one another, despite oceans and mountains physically separating them (ex: “Bollywood”)
cultural convergence
stories flowing across several kinds of media (ex: Dexter was a novel that became a TV series)
participatory culture
the way media consumers are able to annotate, comment on, remix, and otherwise talk back to culture in unprecedented ways (ex: edits)
organic convergence
what happens when someone is making flashcards on their laptop and listening to music on their phone at the same time
economic convergence
the horizontal and vertical integration of the entertainment industry– a single company has interests across and within many kinds of media
media convergence
the process by which previously distinct technologies come to share content, tasks, and resources (ex: A phone that takes pictures and videos)
grand narratives in the postmodern era
the postmodern era rejects grand narratives, which are different large scale theories that attempted to explain the totality of human experience– it mistrusts absolute truths about the world
modernism
- optimistic ideal
- universalism
postmodernism
- nihilistic ideal
- meaning became difficult to discern amid the horror of societal breakdown
the modern era
begins after the 14th century– marked by scientific discoveries and technological innovations
cultural period
a time marked by a particular way of understanding the world through culture and technology– fundamental ways we perceive the world
Marconi’s radio
Launched in 19th century and led to large radio networks (NBC and CBS)
TV
Took off in 1950s
crowd sourcing
the act of tasks traditionally preformed by an individual and delegating them to a (usually unpaid) crowd (ex: Yelp)
who coined the 5 different types of convergence?
Henry Jenkins
