Lule Chapter 3: Books

Question 1

papyrus scroll

Answer 1

a form of early writing paper (3000 BCE)

Question 2

codex

Answer 2

a stack of pages bound along one edge (6th century CE)– dominated religious works

Question 3

scriptoria

Answer 3

first type of book that copied and decorated written work

Question 4

illuminated manuscripts

Answer 4

decorated covers added to handwritten books

Question 5

Gutenberg’s mechanical movable type and its significance

Answer 5

created in 1488 and combined existing technologies with Gutenberg’s innovation– standardized book printing and made books plentiful

Question 6

Gutenberg Revolution

Answer 6

the period of immersible cultural technological change after Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of mechanical moveable type– rise in literacy rates, grew interest in vernacular, gave ruse to new ideas (Renaissance)

Question 7

vernacular

Answer 7

the native language of a population (speech of the “common people”)

Question 8

chapbook

Answer 8

inexpensive, pocket-sized books that usually contained popular literature such as children’s stories, ballads, and poems (AKA CHEAPbook)

Question 9

copyright

Answer 9

allows a person the right to exclude others from copying, distributing, and selling a work; a right usually given to the creator or sold to someone else

Question 10

public domain

Answer 10

a place in which works not covered by copyright, or for which copyright has expired, belong– works in the public domain are essentially public property without royalty fees

Question 11

fair use

Answer 11

a law about copyright which specifies the ways in which a work (or parts of a work) under copyright could legally be used by someone other than the copyright holder (such as for criticism)

Question 12

significance of 6 publishing houses

Answer 12

consolidation led to international media empires acquiring smaller companies in many different industries and was popular in the 20th century

Question 13

William Hill Brown’s The Power of Sympathy (1789)

Answer 13

considered the first American novel and is an epistolary novel, or a book made up of letters and correspondences

Question 14

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

Answer 14

an impassioned critique of slavery which heightened tensions between the North and the South over slavery– eventually led to the civil war

Question 15

genre fiction

Answer 15

works that are intended to fit into a known genre or category, such as western, mystery, or science fiction

Question 16

pulp stories

Answer 16

generally sensational and were printed on cheap pulp paper– featured tales or murder, sex work, gangster violence, aliens, monsters, etc.

Question 17

beat generation

Answer 17

a name given to a group of American writers who came to prominence in the 1950s and who were known for literary experimentation and nonconformity– often critiqued American society and government

Question 18

multicultural literature

Answer 18

were celebrated as a way to promote cross-cultural understanding by examining the different value systems, histories, traditions, and speech patterns of people in America and giving voices to people that history overlooked

Question 19

novel franchises

Answer 19

multiple series of books with recurring characters and high marketability– leads to marketing tie-ins (ex: Harry Potter)

Question 20

paperback original

Answer 20

books that had their initial print run as a paperback edition– introduced in the 1950s

Question 21

mass market paperback

Answer 21

small, inexpensive editions that are sometimes issued after a hardcover edition, although many genres are printed only in mass-market paperback editions

Question 22

trade paperback

Answer 22

larger and generally of better quality (on higher-quality paper)

Question 23

e-books and their significance

Answer 23

• E-books are generally less expensive
• There are no physical production costs
• There’s no cost to store or transport them
• They don’t have to go out of print
• They appeal to readers who want instant gratification

Question 24

audiobooks

Answer 24

date back to 1932 as a reading alternative for the blind

Question 25

digital decay

Answer 25

the breakdown of data stored in digital form, in which digital formats of book tend to decay much faster than physical copies

Question 26

blockbuster syndrome

Answer 26

names the publishing industry’s focus on books with bestseller potential– leads to publishers looking not for the next great artist but for the next great best seller and is damaging to new writers

Question 27

advance

Answer 27

a sum of money paid to the author in expectation of future royalties— it is granted to the author in estimation of how much money the book’s sales will earn

Question 28

royalties

Answer 28

a percentage of the book’s sale price

Question 29

self-publishing

Answer 29

a system that involves an author, not a third party company, being in charge of producing and publishing a work– attractive for authors who want control over their own content

Question 30

print-on-demand

Answer 30

a system in which a book is printed only after an order is received

Question 31

“vanity press”

Answer 31

charge writers a premium for published copies of their own books

Question 32

paperbacks

Answer 32

developed as a cheaper alternative and were sold in nontraditional retailers, such as drugstores– introduced in 1930s