Lp 48

Question 1

-hyperglycemia, ketosis & metabolic acidosis
-life threatening
-uncontrolled type 1
-breath smells fruity
-polyuria, polydipsia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, stupor that can lead to coma

Answer 1

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 2

-generally type 2
-hyperglycemia, hyperosmolariy, dehydration
-no ketoacidosis
-hyperosmolarity of blood- pulls h20 from body cells, incl. brain cells
-thromboembolic problems may occur
-weakness, dehydration, polyuria, polydispsia, coma, seizures, muscle fasciculation
-often insidious
-may be mistaken for CVA

Answer 2

Hyperosomolar hyperglycemic state

Question 3

-insulin Fxn
-increased insulin in blood
-rapid onset & progession
-headache, difficulty problem solving, altered behaviour, coma, seizures, hunger, anxiety

Answer 3

Hypoglycaemia

Question 4

-occurs before autonomic neuropathy
-bilaterally
-decreased perception of vibration, pn, temp
-risk of foot injuries
-denervation of small mm of feet-toe clawing leading to altered lot biomechanics
-hypersensitivity to light touch (burning pn)

Answer 4

Neuropathies: somatic neuropathy

Question 5

Vasomotor Fxn with neuropathies: autonomic neuropathy

Answer 5

Dizziness d.t postural hypotension

Question 6

Urinary issues with neuropathies: autonomic neuropathy

Answer 6

Imcomplete bladder emptying (leads to UTIs)

Question 7

GI issues with neuropathies: autonomic neuropathy

Answer 7

-constipation
-diarrhea
-fecal incontinence

Question 8

Gastroparesis with neuropathies: autonomic neuropathy

Answer 8

-stomach pn
-nausea
-vomiting

Question 9

-chronic kidney disease
-familial predisposition
-DM affects nephron* capillaries; dads to decreased kidney Fxn
-early manifestation= increased protein output in urine
-nephrons= the kidneys filters

Answer 9

Nephropathies

Question 10

-DM= lading cause of acquired blindness
-ABN vascular permeability
-microaneurysm formation
-neovascularization
-hemorrhage
-scarring
-retinal detachment

Answer 10

Retinopathies

Question 11

-DM=major risk factor for (2x-4x the risk)
-obesit, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipdiemia

Answer 11

Macrovascular complications

Question 12

-most common complication leading to hospitalization
-d/t neuropathy& vascular insufficiency
-sensory neuropathies: decreased pn sensation & lack of awareness of trauma
-motor neuropathy leads to foot deformities w/ABN areas of increased P

Answer 12

Diabetic foot ulcers

Question 13

-common concern
-increased frequency w/DM:
-soft tissue infections
-osteomyelitis
-UTIs
-yeast infections
-tooth & gum disease

Answer 13

Infections