Lp 40 Flashcards
-transient inflammation of gastric mucosa d/t local irritants
-usually reversible
-mild cases- no sx’s
-severe cases: bleeding, stress ulcers,death
Acute gastritis
Acute gastritis local irritants
-endotoxins
-heavy alcohol consumption
-aspirin
-excess bile salts
Other acute gastritis factors
-stress
-emotions
-vomiting
-process I’ve, irreversible atrophy of stomach epithelium
-3 forms:
*heliobactor pylori gastritis
*autoimmune gastritis & multifocal atrophic gastritis
*chemical gastropathy
Chronic gastritis
-most common
-gastric atrophy & peptic ulcer
-increased risk for stomach cancers
-transmission via vomit, saliva, or feces
Heliobactor pylori gastritis
-least common
-AB’s destroy gastric parietal cells
-destruction of parietal cells:
*achlorhydria: decreased protein digestion
*decreased secretion of IF, leads to pernicious anemia
Autoimmune gastritis
-unknown ethology
-mostly in caucasians
Multi focal atrophic gastritis
D/t reflux of alkaline secretion into stomach
Chemical gastropathy
-peptic ulcers- holes in mucosa
-mostly d/t H.Pylori
-2nd cause: NSAID & aspirin use
-affects 2 regions:
*stomach (gastric): 55-70 yrs old
*duodenum (duodenal): 2-3x more common: any age
-male:female+ 3-4:1
Ulcers
-response to major stress:
*++ burns
*CNS surgery
*sepsis
*liver failure
-may be d/t to decreased GI motility in critically ill
*decreased motility leads to: ischemia, tissue acidosis & bile salt build-up
Stress ulcers
-types: polyps & malignant
Neoplasms
-benign
-project above mucosa
-asymptomatic
-may progress to malignancies
Polyps neoplasms
-gastric carcinoma: adenocarcinoma
-among leading killer angers
-risk factors: diet, genetics, autoimmune gastritis, gastric polyps
-generally asymptomatic until late
-s/s: indigestion, vomiting, abdominal mass, anorexia, epigastric pn
Malignant neoplasms
Small intestine 2 major functions
-complete digestion
-absorb nutrients into blood & lymph
-pyloric sphincter to ileocecal valve (cecum= proximal colon)
-chyme travels~ 2 hours
Small intestine anatomy
Small intestine 3 regions
-duodenum
-jejunum
-ileum
-proximal
-continuous w/stomach at pyloric sphincter
-~25 cm long
-receives secretions from bile & pancreatic ducts
Duodenum
-intermediate
-~2.5 m long
Jejunum
-distal
-~3.6 m long
-terminates at cecum
Ileum
Intestinal wall 4 typical layers
-mucosa & muscularis
-muscularis
-mucosa
-laminate propria
-highly adapted
-efficient Fxn
Mucosa & muscularis
-2 layered
-folded inner circular layer= increased absorption area
Muscularis
-highly specialized
-villi line surface to increase absorption area
-crypts of lieberkuhn line intestinal lumen
Mucosa
Contains MALT & lymph cells (peyer’s patches) defend against bacteria
Lamia propria
