Lp 44

Question 1

-90% synthesized in liver
-include: fibrinogen, albumin, clotting factors, plasmin
-not produced in liver: immunoglobulins (ig)

Answer 1

Plasma proteins

Question 2

-yellow-green alkaline fluid
-produced in liver
-stored in gall bladder

Answer 2

Bile production

Question 3

-storage of: fat-soluble vitamins & iron
-detoxification & excretion of: hormones, drugs, ++ Ca

Answer 3

Misc function of the liver

Question 4

-storage of bile
-bile contains: bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, neutral fats, phospholipids, electrolytes

Answer 4

Gall bladder Fxn

Question 5

Digestion & absorption of fats:
*emulsification of fats in duodenum
*absorption of lipid end products
-excretion of waste products:
*carrier for bilirubin
*removal of ++ cholesterol

Answer 5

Bile function

Question 6

-water insoluble
Kept in micelles
-predisposes to gallstones

Answer 6

Cholesterol

Question 7

-calcified bile salts
-80% cholesterol
-20% bilirubin & calcium salts
-etiology: bile stasis, abnormal bile composition, gallbladder inflammation

Answer 7

Cholelithiasis

Question 8

-irritation from concentrated bile leads to gallbladder inflammation
-assoc. w/ cholelithiasis & bile flow obstruction
-mucosal swelling & ischemia d/t: venous congestion & lymphatic stasis

Answer 8

Cholecystitis

Question 9

Deterioration of hepatocytes, leading to necrosis & fibrosis

Answer 9

Cirrhosis

Question 10

Liver pathologies few common manifestation

Answer 10

-jaundice
-altered protein synthesis & increased ammonia

Question 11

-yellow tint to body tissues
-cardinal sign of liver dysfunction
-d/t bilirubin accumulation in blood (gives bile its colour)
-degradation product of Hb
-excreted in feces & urine
-hepatocyte dysfunction- bilirubin accumulates in fatty tissues

Answer 11

Jaundice

Question 12

Causes of jaundice

Answer 12

-increased hemolysis
-damage to hepatocytes- impaired bilirubin uptake
-decreased bile processing
-obstruction of bile ducts

Question 13

3 types of jaundice

Answer 13

-hemolytic (prehepatic)
-hepatocellular (intahepatic)
-obstructive (posthepatic)

Question 14

Rate of bilirubin production > excretory capacity- increased bilirubin in plasma

Answer 14

Hemolytic (prehepatic)

Question 15

Destruction of hepatocytes- decreased ability to remove bilirubin

Answer 15

Hepatocellular (intrahepatic)

Question 16

-N rate of bilirubin formation
-obstruction of bile ducts forces bilirubin back to blood

Answer 16

Obstructive (posthepatic)

Question 17

Blood tests measure

Answer 17

-protein
-enzymes
-urea (BUN)

Question 18

Delaminating of amino acids is 1* source of

Answer 18

Increased ammonia levels

Question 19

Conversion of ammonia (non-excretabe) to urea (excretable) occurs in

Answer 19

Liver

Question 20

Pathological changes in liver d/t:

Answer 20

-hepatitis
-cirrhosis
-portal hypertension
-cancer
-gallbladder disorders

Question 21

Alteration in liver Fxn manifest in 2 ways

Answer 21

-jaundice
-altered protein metabolism