Lp 38

Question 1

Another word for swallowing

Answer 1

Deglutition

Question 2

Swallowing involves

Answer 2

-tongue
-soft palate
-pharynx
-esophagus
-several muscles

Question 3

(Voluntary) bolus to back of mouth w/tongue

Answer 3

Buccaneers

Question 4

(Involuntary) controlled by medulla & pons
-send motor impulses to CNS (mostly CN X)

Answer 4

Pharyngeal-esophageal

Question 5

-muscular tube moves food from pharynx to stomach
-typical 4 layers
-posterior to trachea; intersects diaphragm at T11
-muscularis- contractions for peristalsis
-secretes mucus: protection & lubricates surface: ease movement of food
-sphincters at both ends: 1-way movement

Answer 5

Esophagus

Question 6

Different disorders w/ltd. Range of sx’s

Answer 6

Esophageal lesions

Question 7

? Require tax to prevent aspiration of food into lungs

Answer 7

Dysphagia & achalasia

Question 8

-difficult/ painful swallowing
-caused by:
*changes in Fxn
*narrowing of esophagus, leads to scarring
*esophageal cancer
CNS lesions
-motor dysfunction
-1 symptom of achalasia

Answer 8

Dysphagia

Question 9

-incomplete relaxation of LES in swallowing
-idiopathic: possible decreased innervation in esophageal myenteric plexus
-slow passage of food- stasis & inflammation

Answer 9

Achalasia

Question 10

-most common reported sx
-burning sensation in eternal region often d/t GE reflux
-30-60 minutes after eating
-worse w/bending over or lying down
-antacids provide sx relief
-liquids dilute GI contents

Answer 10

Heartburn

Question 11

-backward movement of stomach contents
-brining stomachs acidic contents to esophagus
-prompt medical attention

Answer 11

GE reflux

Question 12

-inflammation of esophageal mucosa
-caused by irritation d/t:
*reflux
*ingested irritants
*vomiting
*achalasia
infection
-in Canada: 1 cause is GE reflux

Answer 12

Esophagitis

Question 13

Outpouching of esophageal/ intestinal wall d/t weak muscularis
-requires surgical intervention

Answer 13

Diverticulum/ diverticula

Question 14

-outpouchings retain food

Answer 14

Esophageal diverticulum

Question 15

-protrusion of segment of stomach above diaphragm
-2 types: sliding (esophageal)- common & rolling (paraesophgeal) -10%
-cause: unclear
-requires surgical intervention
-sx’s: discomfort, pn, Dysphagia
-factors: short esophagus (ABN), repeated vomiting & GE reflux

Answer 15

Hiatal hernias

Question 16

-esophagogastric jct is displaced upward
-protrusion is large & bell-shaped
-stomach slides up into thoracic cavity in supine & moves back down in upright

Answer 16

Sliding hernia

Question 17

-defect of diapharagmatic- esophageal hiatus
-gastroesophageal jct remind in position
-stomachs fungus bulges through diaphragmatic opening & does not move back
-olds up along esophagus
-relatively small (3-6cm)
-not often assoc. w/reflex
-idiopathic

Answer 17

Rolling hernia

Question 18

-protrusion of intestine into femoral canal (increase common in female)
-coughing, lifting, straining, accidents

Answer 18

Femoral hernia

Question 19

Protrusion of part of peritoneum& momentum through abdominal wall behind external inguinal ring

Answer 19

Inguinal hernia

Question 20

-malignant neoplasm
-uncommon (1-2%)
-male: female ratio= 3;1
-more common in men >50
-contributing factors:
*persistent achalasia
*food stasis in esophagus
*alcohol consumption
*cigarette smoking

Answer 20

Esophageal cancer