Lower Urinary Tract and Male Genital Tract

Question 1

Which tumor suppressor gene is inactivated by the HPV- encoded protein E6 & E7?

Answer 1

E 6: p53
E 7: RB

Question 2

What is the common cause of painless testicular enlargement ?

Answer 2

Testicular tumors

Question 3

What is the most common germ cell tumor ?

Answer 3

Seminoma

Question 4

These are central blood vessels enveloped by tumor cells found in yolk sac tumors?

Answer 4

Schiller- Duval bodies

Question 5

These are laminated mineralized concretions in phagolysosomes found in malakoplakia ?

Answer 5

Michaelis- Gutmann bodies

Question 6

What do you call the infection of glans and prepuce?

Answer 6

Balanoposthitis

Question 7

What is the upper normal limit for prostate-specific antigen ( PSA) ?

Answer 7

4 ng/ mL

Question 8

What is the most common site of prostatic adenocarcinoma?

Answer 8

Peripheral zone

Question 9

What is the most common site of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 9

Transitional zone

Question 10

Mechanism of HPV carcinogenesis?

Answer 10

E6: Inhibits p53
E7: Inhibits RB

Question 11

Chemosensitive and radiosensitive testicular tumor ?

Answer 11

Seminoma

Question 12

Characteristic of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 12

1. Increased gland size
2. Compresses urethra , leading to obstruction
3. Most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in males PSA levels </= 4ng/mL

Question 13

Pathophysiology of BPH

Answer 13

It is hormonally influenced by testosterone and dihydrotestosterone.

Question 14

Expected histologic findings of BPH

Answer 14

Hyperplasia of glandular and stromal tissues with papillary buds.

Question 15

Clinical features of BPH

Answer 15

1. Old men incontinence
2. Decrease in urine stream
3. Terminal dribbling
4. Abdominal straining when urinating
5. Need to urinate frequently
6. Urge despite difficulty initiating voiding

Question 16

Lab test to be requested for an old man with difficulty in starting and stopping the urine stream accompanied by dysuria, frequency, hematuria, and palpation of a nodule upon DRE im the outer peripheral area of the gland.

Answer 16

Serum PSA level

Question 17

Characteristic of PSA

Answer 17

1. Androgen regulated to cleave and liquify seminal coagulum formed after ejaculation.
2. Product of prostatic epithelium secreted in the semen.
3. Enlarging prostate in aging men would have higher serum PSA.

Question 18

Histologic finding distinguishing cancer cells of the prostate.

Answer 18

The outer basal cell layer found in benign lesion is absent.

Question 19

Most common site of metastasis of prostate cancer?

Answer 19

Bone

Question 20

Possible factors that would result to PSA elevation ? (2)

Answer 20

1. Prostatitis infarction of nodular hyperplasia
2. Diagnostic procedure done on prostate itself

Question 21

Use of PSA velocity to predict eventual abnormal values in men at risk for prostate cancer?

Answer 21

Get the rate of change in PSA which is usually 0.75 ng/ml per year with at least 3 PSA measurements over a period of 1.5-2 years.

Question 22

Use of PSA velocity to predict eventual abnormal values in men at risk for prostate cancer?

Answer 22

Get the rate of change in PSA which is usually 0.75 ng/ml per year with at least 3 PSA measurements over a period of 1.5-2 years.

Question 23

Palpable testicular mass showed large and round cell with clear cytoplasm and a large central nucleus.

Answer 23

Seminoma

Question 24

Male patient admitted for testicular pain presenting with swollen and inflamed right testes and CT scan revealing abnormal accumulation of fluid in the cavity of the tunica vaginalis. What’s the diagnosis?

Answer 24

Hydrocele