Contraception & Sterilization Flashcards
What is the mechanism of contraception in breastfeeding?
Prolactin-induced inhibition of pulsatile gonadrotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH)
What is the actual efficacy rate in the population of male condom use?
85-90%
Name the two most widely use spermicides?
- Nonoxynol-9
- Octoxynol-9
What are the potential benefits of family planning?
It prevents about 1/3 of pregnancy related deaths
What is the most frequently used spermicide?
Nonoxynol-9
What is the most widely used method of reversible contraception in the world?
Intrauterine device
What is the failure rate of IUD use in the first year ?
3%
What is the ideal method of contraception for breastfeeding mothers and women for whom estrogens are contraindicated?
Progestin-only-pills
Basal body temperature contraceptive method would require you to refrain from intercourse when?
First day of menses until 3 days after the temperature rise of 0.2-0.5 degrees
Smoking at what age and above is an absolute contraindication to the use of combined oral contraceptives?
35 years of age
What are the rare complications related to OCP?
Retinal thrombosis
Cervical adenocarcinoma
Benign liver adenomas
Which contraception method causes vitamin B12 deficiency?
Oral Contraceptive pills
Main action of combined oral contraceptives?
Suppression of ovulation by interfering with the pulsatile release of FSH and LH
Medications that reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives? (6)
Barbiturates
Carbamazepine
Griseofulvin
Phenytoin
Rifampin
Topiramate
Barbi ride a Greasy Car, Phenytoin Rif the Top
Type of women wherein transdermal hormonal contraceptives are less effective?
Markedly overweight women
Cardiovascular complications associated with oral contraceptives?
Myocardial Infarction
Deep vein thrombosis
Hypertension
Which commonly used pharmaceutical preparation can give hypomenorrhea to women?
Oral contraceptives
Which relatively permanent contraceptive method blocks the meeting of the egg and sperm?
Bilateral Tubal Ligation
Most common reversible means of preventing pregnancy?
Intrauterine device
Common reasons for discontinuing the pill? (3)
Breakthrough bleeding
Nausea
Necessity of Taking the pill everyday
Barrier mechanism?
Mechanical obstruction
Combined hormonal estrogen and progestin mechanism? (4)
- Thickens mucous to inhibit sperm penetration
- Inhibit ovulation
- Thin endometrium
- Alters motility of uterus and fallopian tubes
TITA
Mechanism of progestin only pills? (4)
- Thickens mucous to inhibit sperm penetration
- Inhibit ovulation
- Thin endometrium
- Alters motility of uterus and fallopian tubes
TITA
Mechanism of Depot medroxy progesterone acetate injectables and Etonorgestrel Subdermal Implants?
- Thickens cervical mucous to inhibit sperm penetration
- Thin endometrium
- Inhibit ovulation
CEO
Mechanism of Levonorgestrel IUD ? (2)
- Thickens cervical mucous to inhibit sperm penetration
- Thins endometrium
Mechanism of Copper IUD? (3)
- Inhibits sperm migration and viability
- Changes transport speed of ovum
- Damages ovum
Sperm & Ovum
Mechanism of permanentnsterilization?
Mechanical obstruction of tubes
Best contraception for breastfeeding?
Progestin Only Pills
Best contraception for patients with epilepsy and sickle cell disease?
Depot medroxy progesterone acetate
Contraindicated contraceptives for patients with current STI / PID within the past 3 months?
IUD ( LNGS & Copper)
Contraindicated contraceptives for patients with Wilsons disease, may cause more bleeding and dysmenorrhea.
Copper IUD
COCP non contraceptive benefits?
Dec ovarian cancer 50%
Dec endometrial cancer 50%
Decrease ovarian cyst
Decrease benign breast disease
Decrease colorectal cancer
Decrease incidence of PID
