Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards by Marysia Thomson

Q

Common LRTIs

A

Acute bronchitis

exacerbation of COPD

pneumonia

empyema

lung abscess

bronchiectasis

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Q

Pneumonia Symptoms

A

Malaise

Myalgia (muscle pain)

Over

Chest pain (pleuritic)

cough

purulent sputum

dyspnoea

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Q

Pneumonia signs

A

pyrexia

tachpneoa

central cyanosis

dullness on percussion of affected lobes

bronchial breath sounds

inspiratory crepitations

increased goal resonance

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Q

Pneumonia investigation

A

serum Biochemistry, CRP, FBC

CXR

blood culture

that swab

urinary legionalla antigen

sputum microbiology and culture

HIV test

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Q

CRP

A

C-reactive protein

biomarker of inflammation

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Q

Microbiology of pneumonia

A

strep pneumonia

h influenzae

lgeionella

staph aureus

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Q

Pneumonia severity scoring

A

CURB65

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Q

CURB65

A

confusion

blood urea >7

respiratory rate >30

diastolic blood pressure <60

age less than 65

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Q

CRUB65 0, 1-2, 3-5

A

0 - low risk

1-2 - hospital treatment

3-5 - high risk of death

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Q

Treatment of CRUB 0-1

A

amoxycillin or

clarithromycin

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Q

Treatment of CRUB 2

A

amoxycillin AND clarithromycin

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Q

Treatment of CRUB 3-5

A

co-aoxiclav and clarithromycin

or levofloxacin (if penicillin allergic)

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Q

Pneumonia treatment

A

oxygen

IV fluids

CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)

intubation and ventilation

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Q

Pneumonia complications

A

septicaemia

acute kidney injury

empyema

lung abscess

metastatic infection

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Q

Pneumonia differential diagnosis

A

TB

lung cancer

pulmonary embolism

pulmonary oedema

pulmonary vasculitis

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Q

Empyema microbiology

A

streptococcus (52%)

Staph Aureus (11%)

Anaerobes (20%)

Q

Empyema symptoms

A

chest pain

absence of cough

high swimming fever

Q

Empyema investigations

A

CT thorax

pleural ultrasound

Q

diagnosing empyema

A

diagnostic pleural aspiration (pH <7.2)

Q

Empyema treatment

A

chest drain

intravenous antibiotics (6 weeks)

Q

Lung Abscess microbiology

A

staph aureus

pseudomonas

anaerobes

Q

Lung Abscess symptoms

A

lethargy

weight loss

high swinging fever

Q

Lung Abscess investigation

A

CT thorax

sputum culture

Q

Empyema treatment

A

prolonged antibiotics

drainage via the bronchial tree

Q

Bronchiectasis causes

A

idiopathic

immotile cilia syndrome

cystic fibrosis

childhood infections (such as measles)

Q

Bronchiectasis symptoms

A

chronic cough

daily sputum production

sometime (wheeze, dyspnoea, tiredness, flitting chest pains, haemoptysis)

Q

Bronchiectasis signs

A

finger clubbing

course Inspiratory crepitations (auscultation)

Q

Bronchiectasis investigation

A

HRCT thorax

Sputum culture

serum immunoglobulins

total IgE

Q

Bronchiectasis microbiology

A

haemophilus influenza

staph aureus

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Q

Bronchiectasis treatment

A

chest physiotherapy

prompt treatment of infections with appropriate antibiotics

may require inhaled therapy including beta2 agonist and ICSs