Anatomy of Lungs, airways and blood supply

Question 1

Towards or away from the heart?

Pulmonary artery

Answer 1

Away

Question 2

Towards or away from the heart?

Pulmonary Vein

Answer 2

Towards

Question 3

Pulmonary circulation function

Answer 3

delivers CO2 to the lungs and picks up O2

Question 4

Systemic Circulation function

Answer 4

delivers O2 to tissues and picks up CO2

Question 5

Average volumes of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide produced (ml) per minute

Answer 5

250ml oxygen

200m carbon dioxide

Question 6

Average breathing rate

Answer 6

10-20 breaths per minute

Question 7

Upper respiratory tract

Answer 7

Pharynx
Vocal Cords
Nasal Cavity 
Tongue 
Larynx
Oesophagus

Question 8

Lower respiratory tract

Answer 8

Trachea
Right and left lung
Right and left bronchus
diaphragm

Question 9

After right and left bronchi - each bronchus divides

Answer 9

22 times

Question 10

Only place where gas exchange can occur between the lungs and the blood

Answer 10

alveoli

Question 11

Anatomical dead space

Answer 11

where the air is in the upper airways

where the walls are too thick for gas exchange

Question 12

Epithelium lining the respiratory tract is…

Answer 12

pseudo-stratified columnar ciliated

Question 13

As the epithelium progresses from the nose to the alveoli the cells become more…

Answer 13

squamous

and the cilia is lost

Question 14

Alveoli have two things

Answer 14

type 1 and 2 pneumocytes

elastic recoil

Question 15

Type 1 pneumocytes

Answer 15

97% of the alveolar space
Simple squamous epithelium
gas exchange

Question 16

Type 2 pneumocytes

Answer 16

Produces SURFACTANT
reduced surface tension at the alveolar surface
reduced work of breathing

Question 17

how many lobes in right lung?

Answer 17

3

Question 18

how many lobes in left lung?

Answer 18

2

Question 19

Gases move from ………… to ………… areas of pressure

Answer 19

high low

Question 20

Boyles law

Answer 20

pressure exerted by a gas is inversely proportional to its volume

Question 21

membrane on the outer surface of the lungs

Answer 21

visceral

Question 22

membrane on the inner surface of the ribcage

Answer 22

parietal

Question 23

Pip (intrapelural) is always negative therefore it is always ……………..

Answer 23

less than atmospheric

Question 24

increase in volume of air means

Answer 24

decrease in pressure

Question 25

decrease in volume of air means

Answer 25

increase in pressure

Question 26

Inspiration uses what muscles?

Answer 26

diaphragm external intercostal sternocleidomastoids scalene

Question 27

Expiration uses what muscles?

Answer 27

internal intercostal | abdominal muscles

Question 28

Pa (alveolar) is the...

Answer 28

pressure inside the thoracic cavity

Question 29

Pip (intrapleural) is the.....

Answer 29

pressure inside the pleural cavity

Question 30

Pt (transpulmonary) is the....

Answer 30

difference between Pa and Pip (it is always positive) Pt = Pa - Pip

Question 31

Average volume of anatomical dead space

Answer 31

about 150 mL

Question 32

Tidal Volume (TV)

Answer 32

volume of air breathed in or out of the lungs on each breath

Question 33

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Answer 33

The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lung at the end of normal expiration

Question 34

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Answer 34

The maximum volume of air that can be drawn into the lungs at the end of normal inspiration

Question 35

Residual Volume (RV)

Answer 35

The volume of gas in the lungs at the end of maximal expiration

Question 36

Vital Capacity (VC)

Answer 36

Tidal Vol + IRV + ERV

Question 37

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Answer 37

VC + RV

Question 38

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

Answer 38

TV + IRV

Question 39

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Answer 39

ERV + RV

Question 40

FEV1

Answer 40

Forced expired volume in 1 second

Question 41

Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 41

total air movement in and out of the lungs

Question 42

Hyperventilation gives

Answer 42

increased PO2 and decreased PCO2

Question 43

Hypoventilation gives

Answer 43

increased pCO2 and decreased PO2

Question 44

Systemic Circulation occurs between the heart and the...

Answer 44

entire body (tissues)

Question 45

Pulmonary Circulation occurs between the heart and the...

Answer 45

lungs only

Question 46

if tidal volume is 500 (mL) what is the respiratory rate??

Answer 46

12 breaths per minute (normal)

Question 47

if the tidal volume is 300 mL what is the respiratory rate??

Answer 47

20 breathes per minute (rapid)

Question 48

if the tidal volume is 750 mL what is the respiratory rate??

Answer 48

8 breathes per minute (slow)

Question 49

Dalton's Law

Answer 49

the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the pressures of the individual gases