Anatomy of Lungs, airways and blood supply Flashcards
Towards or away from the heart?
Pulmonary artery
Away
Towards or away from the heart?
Pulmonary Vein
Towards
Pulmonary circulation function
delivers CO2 to the lungs and picks up O2
Systemic Circulation function
delivers O2 to tissues and picks up CO2
Average volumes of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide produced (ml) per minute
250ml oxygen
200m carbon dioxide
Average breathing rate
10-20 breaths per minute
Upper respiratory tract
Pharynx Vocal Cords Nasal Cavity Tongue Larynx Oesophagus
Lower respiratory tract
Trachea
Right and left lung
Right and left bronchus
diaphragm
After right and left bronchi - each bronchus divides
22 times
Only place where gas exchange can occur between the lungs and the blood
alveoli
Anatomical dead space
where the air is in the upper airways
where the walls are too thick for gas exchange
Epithelium lining the respiratory tract is…
pseudo-stratified columnar ciliated
As the epithelium progresses from the nose to the alveoli the cells become more…
squamous
and the cilia is lost
Alveoli have two things
type 1 and 2 pneumocytes
elastic recoil
Type 1 pneumocytes
97% of the alveolar space
Simple squamous epithelium
gas exchange
Type 2 pneumocytes
Produces SURFACTANT
reduced surface tension at the alveolar surface
reduced work of breathing
how many lobes in right lung?
3
how many lobes in left lung?
2
Gases move from ………… to ………… areas of pressure
high low
Boyles law
pressure exerted by a gas is inversely proportional to its volume
membrane on the outer surface of the lungs
visceral
membrane on the inner surface of the ribcage
parietal
Pip (intrapelural) is always negative therefore it is always ……………..
less than atmospheric
increase in volume of air means
decrease in pressure
decrease in volume of air means
increase in pressure
Inspiration uses what muscles?
diaphragm
external intercostal
sternocleidomastoids
scalene
Expiration uses what muscles?
internal intercostal
abdominal muscles
Pa (alveolar) is the…
pressure inside the thoracic cavity
Pip (intrapleural) is the…..
pressure inside the pleural cavity
Pt (transpulmonary) is the….
difference between Pa and Pip
(it is always positive)
Pt = Pa - Pip
Average volume of anatomical dead space
about 150 mL
Tidal Volume (TV)
volume of air breathed in or out of the lungs on each breath
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lung at the end of normal expiration
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
The maximum volume of air that can be drawn into the lungs at the end of normal inspiration
Residual Volume (RV)
The volume of gas in the lungs at the end of maximal expiration
Vital Capacity (VC)
Tidal Vol + IRV + ERV
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
VC + RV
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
TV + IRV
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
ERV + RV
FEV1
Forced expired volume in 1 second
Pulmonary Ventilation
total air movement in and out of the lungs
Hyperventilation gives
increased PO2 and decreased PCO2
Hypoventilation gives
increased pCO2 and decreased PO2
Systemic Circulation occurs between the heart and the…
entire body (tissues)
Pulmonary Circulation occurs between the heart and the…
lungs only
if tidal volume is 500 (mL) what is the respiratory rate??
12 breaths per minute (normal)
if the tidal volume is 300 mL what is the respiratory rate??
20 breathes per minute (rapid)
if the tidal volume is 750 mL what is the respiratory rate??
8 breathes per minute (slow)
Dalton’s Law
the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the pressures of the individual gases
