Formatives, True or false etc

Question 1

the maximum volume of air that can be voluntarily exhaled following a maximum inspiration is called

Answer 1

vital capacity

Question 2

Air flows into the lungs during inspiration because

Answer 2

the external intercostals and diaphragm muscles contract and thoracic volume increases

Question 3

Mr tickle has a respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute and a tidal volume of 700ml. The residual volume measure 100ml and his dead space measures 200ml what is Mr Tickle’s alveolar ventilation

Answer 3

5000ml/min

(TV-DS) x RR
700-200 = 500x10 = 5000

Question 4

The partial pressure of oxygen in mixed venous blood is typically around

Answer 4

40mmHg

Question 5

Arterial parietal pressure of oxygen will be reduced in which of the following conditions?

emphysema
traumatic peripheral haemorrhage 
anaemia (iron deficiency)
anaemia (vitamin B12 deficiency)
Carbon Monoxide poisoning

Answer 5

Emphysema

Question 6

‘Shunt’ is a term that would be associated with which of the following situations?

Answer 6

when perfusion exceeds ventilation in L/min

Question 7

Condition that shifts the oxygen-haeoglobin binding curve to the right

Answer 7

asthma attack

Question 8

The articulation of the rib with the vertebrae allows for respiratory movement. At the costovertebral joints the head of the 9th rib articulates with the body of what vertebra/e

Answer 8

T8 and T9

Question 9

The lungs are dissimilar in their gross anatomical features. The left is characterised by

A cardiac notch in its posterior border?
An absence of visceral pleura within its fissures?
an eparterial bronchus in its hilum?
oblique and transverse fissures?
upper and lower lobes separated by the oblique fissure?

Answer 9

Upper and lower lobes separated by the oblique fissure

Question 10

A 59 year old man with known squamous carcinoma of the lung is admitted to hospital as an emergency with abdominal pain, constipation and confusion.

The most appropriate investigation would be…

Answer 10

Serum Calcium

because squamous cell lung cancer associated with hypercalcaemia due to parathyroid hormone related protein.

Symptoms in this case are classic of hypercalcaemia

Question 11

A 79 year old woman with a peripheral speculated opacity on chest x-ray and an enlarged surpacalvicular lymph node.

what investigation would you carry out next to make a diagnosis which would allow treatment to begin quickly?

Answer 11

fine needle aspiration of the lymph node

Question 12

A 55 year old obese business man complains of excessive daytime somnolence, snoring and frequent napping. e undergoes overnight oximetry which shows 10 desaturations per hour

his classification on the obstructive apnoea severity scale is

Answer 12

mild

Question 13

A 50 year old man has lobar pneumonia

the most likely organism involved would be

Answer 13

streptococcus pneumonias

Question 14

The British thoracic guidelines for the treatment of chronic asthma recommend that a patient with newly diagnosed asthma who is waking up at night because of the asthma should be started on

Answer 14

inhaled corticosteroids and inhaled beta 2 agonist

Question 15

The right atrium possesses

Answer 15

an opening for the coronary sinus

Question 16

The tricuspid valve is located between the

Answer 16

right atrium and right ventricle

Question 17

The azygous vein empties into the

Answer 17

SVC

Question 18

The internal jugular vein and the subclavian veins form the

Answer 18

brachiocephalic vein

Question 19

The brachiocephalic vein becomes the

Answer 19

SVC

Question 20

Fossa Ovalis is a depression in the

Answer 20

right atrium

Question 21

Fossa Ovalis is a remnant of

Answer 21

thin fibrous sheet that covered the foramen ovals during foetal development

Question 22

Gap junctions are found in

Answer 22

cardiac muscle

Question 23

Action potentials are short in ….. and long in ……. muscle

Answer 23

skeletal

cardiac

Question 24

Skeletal muscle can exhibit tetanus but cardiac cannot because…

Answer 24

the refractory period is too long