Blood Supply, Gas exchange, Ventilation and Perfusion

Question 1

The pressure volume curve varies between the

Answer 1

apex and the base of the lung

Question 2

At the base the volume change is ….

Answer 2

greater (for any given change in pressure)

Question 3

Alveolar ventilation and compliance both decline with height from

Answer 3

base to the apex of the lung

because the alveoli are more inflated at the FRC

Question 4

Pulmonary artery travels

Answer 4

away from the heart

Question 5

pulmonary vein travels

Answer 5

towards the heart

Question 6

Bronchial circulation arises from the systemic circulation to supply oxygenated blood to…

Answer 6

smooth muscle of the airway

nerves

lung tissue

Question 7

Pulmonary circulation involved in gas exchange carries the entire cardiac output from the right ventricle (function is..)

Answer 7

supplies the dense capillary network surrounding the alveoli

returns OXYGENATED blood to the right atrium via the pulmonary vein

Question 8

Po2 at alveoli

Answer 8

100mmHg

Question 9

PCO2 at alveoli

Answer 9

40mmHg

Question 10

PO2 at aerobic respiration in mitochondria

Answer 10

less than or equal to 40mmHg

Question 11

PCO2 at aerobic respiration in mitochondria

Answer 11

less than or equal to 46 mmHg

Question 12

Fibrotic lung disease

Answer 12

thickened alveolar membrane

therefore slower gas exchange

Question 13

Ventilation is

Answer 13

air getting to the alveoli (l per min)

Question 14

Perfusion is

Answer 14

local blood flow (l per min)

Question 15

Distribution of blood flow is influenced by

Answer 15

hydrostatic (blood) pressure

and

alveolar pressure

Question 16

Alveolar dead space is when

Answer 16

ventilation is greater than blood flow

Question 17

Increase in alveolar PO2

Answer 17

pulmonary vasodilation

Question 18

Decrease in alveolar PCO2

Answer 18

bronchial constriction

Question 19

Shunt is the opposite to

Answer 19

alveolar dead space

Question 20

Shunt is term used to describe

Answer 20

the passage of blood through areas of the lung that are poorly ventilated

(ventilation < perfusion)

Question 21

Alveolar dead space refers to alveoli that are…

Answer 21

ventilated but not perfused

Question 22

Anatomical dead space

Answer 22

refers to air in the conducting Zone of the respiratory tract that is unable to take part in gas exchange

Question 23

Physiological dead space

Answer 23

Alveolar dead space + anatomical dead space

Question 24

Pulmonary arterial pressure is low

Systolic and Diastolic values?

Answer 24

Systolic ~25mmHg

Diastolic ~8 mmHg