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Cadaver > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Internal muscles:

A

iliacus

psoas major

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2
Q

Anterior thigh

A 
Quadriceps femoris
-Rectus femoris
-Vastus lateralis
-Vastus medialis
-Vastus intermedius
-Patellar tendon
-Patellar ligament
Sartorius
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3
Q

Medial Thigh

A 
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
(Peanut Butter Lovers Get Married)
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4
Q

Lateral Thigh

A

Iliotibial tract

Tensor fasciae latae

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5
Q

Anterior Leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus

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6
Q

Lateral leg

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

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7
Q

Posterior Thigh

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

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8
Q

Posterior leg

A 
Triceps surae
-Gastrocnemius
-Soleus
-Calcaneal tendon
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
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9
Q

Buttocks

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis

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10
Q

Nerves

A

Femoral
Sciatic
-Tibial
-Common fibular

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11
Q

Vessels

A

Femoral arteries
Popliteal arteries
Great saphenous veins

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12
Q

Deep veins

A

Popliteal veins

Femoral veins

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13
Q

by mobilizing the gluteus maximus

A

trochanter bursa of the greater trochanter, between that and the ischial tuberosity is the sciatic nerve

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14
Q

sciatic nerve dives deep into the

A

biceps femoris muscle

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15
Q

popliteal artery and vein as it traverses through

A

adductor hiatus in the adductor magnus

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16
Q

the femoral triangle

A

femoral artery, vein, and nerve

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17
Q

the great saphenous vein drains into the

A

femoral vein from the medial side

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18
Q

Illiacus

A
  • Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum
  • Lesser trochanter of femur

femoral nerve

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19
Q

psoas major

A
  • Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae, transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae
  • Lesser trochanter of femur
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20
Q

sartorius

A
  • Anterior superior iliac spine
  • Medial surface of tibia

femoral nerve

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21
Q

adductor longus

adductor brevis

A

Pubis

Linea aspera of femur

Obturator nerve

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22
Q

adductor magnus

A

Pubis and ischial tuberosity

Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, adductor tubercle of femur

Obturator and sciatic nerve

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23
Q

Pectineus

A

Pubis

Posterior surface of femur

femoral nerve and sometimes Obturator nerve

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24
Q

Gracilis

A

Pubis

Medial surface of tibia

Obturator nerve

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25
Q

rectus femoris

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Via common tendinous (patellar tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly to via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

femoral nerve

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26
Q

vastus lateralis

A

Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur

Via common tendinous (patellar tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly to via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

femoral nerve

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27
Q

vastus medialis

A

Medial surface of shaft and linea aspera of femur

Via common tendinous (patellar tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly to via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

femoral nerve

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28
Q

vastus intermedius

A

Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur

Via common tendinous (patellar tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly to via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

femoral nerve

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29
Q

tensor fasciae latae

A

Anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest

Iliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia

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30
Q

biceps femoris

A

Long head: ischial tuberosity
Short head: linea aspera

Lateral side of head of fibula

Sciatic nerve (tibial and common fibular portion)

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31
Q

semitendinosus

semimembranosus

A

Ischial tuberosity

Medial surface of tibia

Sciatic nerve (tibial portion)

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32
Q

gluteus maximus

A

Ilium, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx

Most fibers end in iliotibial tract & gluteal tuberosity of femur

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33
Q

gluteus minimus

A

External surface of ilium

Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

34
Q

gluteus medius

A

External surface of ilium

Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

35
Q

tibialis anterior

A

Lateral condyle of tibia

Inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

Deep fibular nerve*

36
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

Lateral condyle of tibia and medial surface of fibula

Middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Deep fibular nerve*

37
Q

fibularis longus

A

Head of fibula

Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Superficial fibular nerve*

38
Q

fibularis brevis

A

Inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula

Styloid process of 5th metatarsal

Superficial fibular nerve*

39
Q

gastrocnemius

A

Two heads – attach onto lateral and medial condyles of femur

Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

Tibial nerve

40
Q

soleus

A

Posterior surface of fibula medial border of tibia

Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

Tibial nerve

41
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

Medial, posterior surface of tibia

Bases of distal phalanges 2-5 (plantar surface)

Tibial nerve

42
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

Inferior portion of fibula; interosseous membrane

Base of distal phalanx of great toe

Tibial nerve

43
Q

tibialis posterior

A

Interosseous membrane; posterior surface of tibia

Navicular, cuneiform, cuboid & bases of metatarsals 2-5

Tibial nerve

44
Q

triceps surae

A

gastrocnemius, soleus, calcaneal tendon

45
Q

The muscles of the gluteal region are innervated by

A

the superior and inferior gluteal nerves, which come from L5-­S2 roots

46
Q

dysfunctions of the lower limb

A

sciatica, osteoarthritis of knees, plantar fasciitis, and gout.

47
Q

sciatic nerve comes from

A

the lumbar and sacral plexus, L4-­S3, and is usually a symptom of a bigger problem such as a degenerative disc disease or a bone spur in the spine

48
Q

swelling of the piriformis muscle

A

sciatica

49
Q

Osteoarthritis of the knee

A

affects older individuals and occurs because of natural “wear and tear”

cartilage of the knee begins to wear away, which results in friction between the bones and resulting in bone spurs

50
Q

athletes are at risk of

A

Osteoarthritis of the knee

51
Q

a sedentary lifestyle can lead to

A

Osteoarthritis of the knee, because of weakened muscles that can no longer properly support the knee

52
Q

tactics to combat osteoarthritis include

A

increasing activity levels by doing certain exercises (within reason), lose weight if necessary, and anti-­inflammatory
medications

53
Q

Superficially on the plantar aspect of your foot is a thick layer of fascia called

A

plantar fascia

54
Q

plantar fascia

A

helps support the arch in our feet, stemming from the calcaneus (bone in the heel) towards the metatarsals (toes).

55
Q

cause of inflammation of plantar fascia

A

uncertain but specific activities that require individuals to be on their feet a lot (e.g. construction workers, teachers, military personnel, etc.) seems to be a consistent factor

56
Q

Buchbinder

A

commonly target middle aged patients between 40 and 60 years old, because of prolonged standing, tiny tears form in the plantar fascia and incite an inflammatory response

57
Q

individual continues to remain on their feet, the tears and irritation worsens resulting in sharp, stabbing pain on the plantar surface of the affected foot

A

Medications, prescribed orthotics, and physical therapy may be prescribed to help alleviate the pain and combat the fasciitis

58
Q

gout

A

arthritis that usually affects the big toe, “disease of kings”

59
Q

gout caused by

A

nutrient-­rich diets, hyperuricemia (increased levels of uric acid) can develop in the blood and cause crystal formations in the joints

60
Q

crystal formation at the joints

A

crystallizations are needle-­shaped and therefore cause severe pain in the affected joint

61
Q

why does gout happen?

A

uric acid abounds because it is produced in large quantities, the kidneys are excreting it too slowly (which could lead to kidney stones)

or

it is a combination of both (

62
Q

Doctors usually administer NSAIDs, corticosteroids, or both

A

to combat gout

63
Q

Act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilization of hip joint

A

psoas major

iliacus

64
Q

Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint

A

sartorius

65
Q

Extend thigh at knee joint; rectus femoris can assist iliopsoas in some hip flexion

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

66
Q

Adducts thigh

A

adductor longus

adductor brevis

67
Q

Adducts thigh, flexes thigh, extends thigh

A

adductor magnus

68
Q

Adducts thigh, flexes leg

A

gracilis

69
Q

Adducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thigh

A

pectineus

70
Q

Extends thigh (especially from flexed position) and assists in lateral rotation steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position

A

gluteus maximus

71
Q

Abducts and medially rotates thigh

A

gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae

72
Q

Extend thigh and flex leg

A

semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris

73
Q

Dorsiflexes ankles and inverts foot

A

tibialis anterior

74
Q

Extends digits 2-5 and dorsiflexes ankle

A

extensor digitorum longus

75
Q

Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

A

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

76
Q

Plantarflexes ankles when the knee is extended, flexes leg at knee joint

A

gastrocnemius

77
Q

Plantarflexes ankle independent of position of knee; steadies knee on foot

A

soleus

78
Q

Plantarflexes ankle; inverts foot

A

tibialis posterior

79
Q

Flexes phalanges, plantarflexes ankle

A

flexor digitorum longus

80
Q

Flexes great toe, weakly assists in plantarflexion at ankle

A

flexor hallucis longus

Cadaver (10 decks)

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