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Cadaver > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior chest and shoulder:

A

Pectoralis major/minor
Serratus anterior
Deltoid

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2
Q

Anterior brachium:

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis

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3
Q

Anterior antebrachium:

A

Pronator teres
Palmaris longus
Supinator

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4
Q

Anterior antebrachium:

A 
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
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5
Q

Nerves:

A

Median

Ulnar

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6
Q

Posterior brachium:

A 
Triceps brachii
Extensor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor pollicis longus
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7
Q

Muscles of arm/forearm:

A 
Anconeus
Coracobrachialis
Pronator quadratus
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor indicis
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8
Q

Nerves:

A

Musculocutaneous
Radial
Axillary

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9
Q

Biceps brachii:

A

Long and short heads

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10
Q

Triceps brachii:

A

Long, lateral, and medial heads

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11
Q

“M” branches of the brachial plexus

A

musculocutaneous nerve
median nerve
ulnar nerve

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12
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

innervates the flexor muscles of the brachium and pierces the coracobrachialis muscle

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13
Q

intermuscular septum

A

divides the anterior compartment from the posterior compartment

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14
Q

border of the triangle

“cubital fossa”

A
  • “imaginary line” between the medial and lateral epicondyles
  • brachioradialis muscle
  • pronator teres muscle
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15
Q

structures in the cubital fossa

A

tendon of the biceps brachii, brachial artery (branching into the radial and ulnar arteries), and median nerve

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16
Q

deep to the cubital fossa

A

supinator

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17
Q

superficial muscles of the anterior forearm

A

sequential order: flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus (if present), flexor carpi ulnaris

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18
Q

snuffbox

A

proximal to distal are: abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and extensor pollicis longus.

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19
Q

The abductor pollicis longus tendon extends to

A

the metacarpal

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20
Q

The extensor pollicis brevis tendon extends to

A

the proximal phalanx

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21
Q

The extensor policis longus tendon extends to

A

the distal phalanx

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22
Q

coracobrachialis

A

only muscle that does not cross the elbow joint, but instead crosses the shoulder joint—thus, it assists in arm movement

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23
Q

muscles of the anterior compartment that assist in flexion of the antebrachium are innervated by

A

the musculocutaneous nerve

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24
Q

muscles of the posterior

compartment are innervated by

A

the radial nerve

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25
Q

coracobrachialis muscle is innervated by

A

the musculocutaneous nerve

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26
Q

brachioradialis muscle innervated by

A

the radial nerve, because the origin point stems the posterior side

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27
Q

triceps brachii

A

Radial nerve

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28
Q

Anconeus

A

Synergist to triceps

Radial nerve

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29
Q

Coracobrachialis*

A

Flexes and adducts humerus

Musculocutaneous nerve

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30
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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31
Q

Brachialis

A

(lifts ulna)

Musculocutaneous nerve

32
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Radial nerve

33
Q

The anterior side, or flexor side, of the antebrachium is innervated primarily by

A

the median nerve

34
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

affects the median nerve

35
Q

flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by 2 nerves

A

ulnar and median

36
Q

Pronator teres

A

Median nerve

37
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Median nerve

38
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Tenses skin and fascia of hand during hand movements

Median nerve

39
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Ulnar nerve

40
Q

Flexor digitorum

superficialis

A

Median nerve

41
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Branch of median

42
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Medial half by ulnar; lateral half by median

43
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

PM of forearm pronation

Median nerve

44
Q

venipuncture

A

median cubital fossa vein, triangular region anterior to the elbow joint

45
Q

Other contents within the cubital fossa

A

biceps tendon, bifurcation of the brachial artery, and the median nerve

46
Q

The posterior side, or extensor side, of the brachium is primarily innervated by

A

the radial nerve

47
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Synergist in flexing forearm

Radial nerve

48
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Radial nerve

49
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Radial nerve

50
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

PM of finger extension

Radial nerve

51
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Radial nerve

52
Q

Supinator

A

Assists biceps brachii to forcibly supinate forearm

Radial nerve

53
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Radial nerve

54
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis and longus

A

Radial nerve

55
Q

Extensor indicis

A

Extends index finger

Radial nerve

56
Q

radial fossa

A

or anatomical snuffbox, is a triangular-­shaped region just proximal to the thumb

57
Q

tendons that border the snuffbox:

A

extensor pollicis longus (EPL) which forms the
medial border
abductor pollicis longus (APL)
extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) which form the lateral border, and the styloid process of the radius which forms the proximal border

58
Q

triangular region are 3 important structures

A

the radial artery, a branch of the radial nerve, and the cephalic vein

59
Q

brachial plexus

A

5 major nerves of the upper limb come

from a plexus of nerves

60
Q

brachial plexus originates from

A

from the spinal cord roots C5-­C8 and T1. The roots C5 and C6 form the superior trunk, root C7 forms the middle trunk, and roots C8 and T1 form the inferior trunk.

61
Q

median nerve is pinched or compressed within the carpal tunnel of the wrist

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

62
Q

Symptoms include:

carpel tunnel syndrome

A

This can be seen in cases involving pregnancy or diabetes, where swelling is common, or even stem from repetitious movement (e.g. a baker kneading dough, piano player, etc.) that causes tendons and/or tendinous sheaths to swell.
numbness, weakness, pain, and/or tingling of the hand

63
Q

9 tendons and 1 nerve that run through the wrist

A
  • 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis
  • 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus
  • 1 tendon of the flexor pollicis longus
  • the median nerve
64
Q

If medications and/or physical therapy cannot remedy the situation

A

surgery can be carried out to cut the flexor retinaculum (also called transverse carpal ligament) in order to “widen” the carpal tunnel and free its contents

65
Q

Hirayama disease

A

neurological syndrome that usually affects men and causes severe muscular atrophy and weakness of the forearms and hands

66
Q

corresponding nerves affected by Hirayama

A

brachial plexus stems from cervical spinal roots (and T1), thus when the cervical spinal cord
atrophies

67
Q

Erb’s palsy

A

associated with upper brachial plexus injury, where the nerves stemming from C5 and C6 are damaged

68
Q

extended upper brachial plexus injury

A

Root C7 injured

69
Q

two major nerves that come from these roots are (Erb’s palsy)

A

the musculocutaneous and axillary nerves

70
Q

if two major nerves are injured (the musculocutaneous and axillary nerves)

A

when damaged the patient will be unable to abduct the shoulder, laterally rotate the shoulder, supinate the forearm, and/or flex the upper limb

71
Q

“waiter’s tip”

A

minimized mobility, the upper limb hangs limply, due to damaged nerves

72
Q

Klumpke palsy occurs

A

when the lower brachial plexus is injured affecting the nerves stemming from C8 and T1

73
Q

symptoms of “claw hands” are exhibited

A

because nerves primarily innervate the hand muscles in Klumpke palsy

74
Q

Cases of Klumpke palsy are usually seen in difficult births

A

where the baby’s shoulder gets caught in the birth canal, causing a severe stretch between the neck and the shoulder resulting in hyper-­abduction of the arm

75
Q

which nerves are affected in Klumpke

A

median and ulnar nerves

76
Q

If a patient cannot extend the 4th and 5th fingers, he/she most likely has injured

A

ulnar nerve

Cadaver (10 decks)

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