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Cadaver > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal Cord

A 
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Dorsal roots (dorsal root ganglia)
Ventral roots
Spinal nerves
Lumbar enlargement
Conus medullaris
Filum terminale
Cauda equina
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2
Q

Breasts, anterior/lateral abdominal wall:

A 
Linea alba
Rectus abdominis
Rectus sheath
Tendinous intersections
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
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3
Q

“Breathing muscles”

A

Diaphragm (central tendon)
External intercostal
Internal intercosta

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4
Q

Muscles crossing shoulder joint

A 
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor/major
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major
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5
Q

Muscles of neck and vert. column

A

Erector spinae

Quadratus lumborum

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6
Q

Muscles of the posterior thorax

A

Levator scapulae
Trapezius
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major

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7
Q

more muscles

A 
Deltoid
Subscapularis
Erector spinae
Subclavius
Innermost intercostals
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8
Q

Erector spinae

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

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9
Q

external intercostal muscles

A

begin at the vertebrae but do not extend all the way to the sternum

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10
Q

internal intercostal muscles

A

begin at the sternum but do not extend all the way towards the vertebrae, found in the interior thoracic wall

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11
Q

superficial layer

A

external oblique

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12
Q

deep to external oblique

A

internal oblique

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13
Q

deep to internal oblique

A

transversus abdominis

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14
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres major

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15
Q

deepest muscle

A

quadratus lumborum

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16
Q

There are 4 major groups

A

prime mover (agonists), antagonists, synergists, and fixators

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17
Q

prime move (PM)

A

is the major muscle behind a specific movement; for example, the pectoralis major muscles are the PM of arm flexion

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18
Q

Antagonist

A

“against the leader” as the name implies, works in opposition to the PM

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19
Q

Synergist

A

work with prime mover muscles to limit any unnecessary movements made during a specific action

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20
Q

Fixators

A

provide a stable base for the PMs

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21
Q

4 major actions of muscle movements

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

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22
Q

abductor muscle

A

deltoid

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23
Q

adductor muscle

A

teres major and minor

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24
Q

triangle of auscultation

A

landmarks that medical professionals use to target the best area to listen to respiratory sounds, thinnest area of muscle

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25
Q

Flexion

A

pectoralis major, deltoid

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26
Q

Extension

A

Latissimus dorsi, teres major, deltoid

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27
Q

Adbduction

A

deltoid, supraspinatus

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28
Q

Adduction

A

pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major

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29
Q

Medial rotation

A

pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, deltoid, subscapularis

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30
Q

Lateral rotation

A

deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor

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31
Q

location of triangle of auscultation

A

bordered by teres major and infraspinatus laterally, the trapezius medially, and latissimus dorsi inferiorly

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32
Q

Ausultation

A

the practice of listening to organ sounds, usually with stethoscope

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33
Q

shoulder joint is very moble

A

it is less stable and more prone to serious injuries

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34
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A

encircle the shoulder joint to provide some stability

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35
Q

Erector spinae

A

prime mover of back extension

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36
Q

Illiocostalis action

A

extend and laterally flex the vertebral columns

37
Q

Longissimus action

A

extend and laterally flex vertebral columns

38
Q

Spinalis action

A

extends vertebral column

39
Q

Quadratus lumborum action

A

flexes vertebral column laterally

40
Q

Illiocostalis

A

-Iliac crests; inferior 6 ribs
-Angles of ribs (lumborum and
thoracis)

41
Q

Longissimus

A
  • Transverse processes of lumbar

- Transverse processes of thoracic or cervical vertebrae to ribs

42
Q

Spinalis

A
  • Spinous process of upper lumbar and lower thoracic

- Spinous process of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae

43
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A
  • Iliac crest and lumbar fascia

- Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and lower 12th margin of 12th rib

44
Q

important skeletal landmarks to know for the muscles of the neck and vertebral columns are:

A

iliac crests, transverse and spinous processes, vertebrae, and ribs

45
Q

external intercostal action

A

Pulls ribs toward one another to elevate the rib cage

46
Q

internal intercostal action

A

Draw ribs together and depress rib cage

47
Q

innermost intercostal action

A

Stabilizes intercostal space during respiration

48
Q

diaphragm action

A

Prime mover of inspiration; flattens on contraction

49
Q

external intercostal

A
  • Inferior border of rib above

- Superior border of rib below

50
Q

internal intercostal

A

-Superior border of rib below
-Inferior border of rib
above

51
Q

innermost intercostal

A
  • Superior border of rib below

- Inferior border of rib above

52
Q

diaphragm

A
  • Inferior and internal surface of rib cage and sternum

- Central tendon

53
Q

Rectus abdominis action

A

Flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column

54
Q

external oblique action

A

Flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall

55
Q

internal oblique action

A

Flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall

56
Q

transversus abdominis action

A

Compress abdominal contents

57
Q

Rectus abdominis

A
  • Pubic crest and symphysis

- Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

58
Q

external oblique

A

Linea alba

59
Q

internal oblique

A

Linea alba; pubic crest; last 3 or 4 ribs

60
Q

transversus abdominis

A

Linea alba; pubic crest

61
Q

pectoralis minor action

A

Draws scapula anterior and inferiorly; draws rib cage superiorly

62
Q

serratus anterior action

A

Rotates scapula

63
Q

subclavius action

A

Helps stabilize and depress pectoral girdle

64
Q

trapezius action

A

Stabilizes, raises, retracts scapula

65
Q

levator scapulae action

A

Elevates/adducts scapula

66
Q

rhomboid major/minor action

A

Stabilize scapula (“squaring shoulders”)

67
Q

pectoralis minor

A
  • Anterior surfaces of ribs 3-5

- Coracoid process of scapula

68
Q

serratus anterior

A
  • Series of muscle slips (1-8)

- Entire anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula

69
Q

subclavius

A
  • Costal cartilage of rib 1

- Groove on inferior surface of clavicle

70
Q

trapezius

A
  • Occipital bone

- Continuous insertion along acromion

71
Q

levator scapulae

A
  • Transverse processes of C1-C4

- Scapula

72
Q

rhomboid major/minor

A
  • Spinous process of C7 and T1 (minor) and T2 -T5 (major)

- Scapula

73
Q

anterior and posterior thorax muscles

A

costal cartilage, occipital bone, transverse and spinous processes, acromion, scapula (including coracoid process)

74
Q

Pectoralis major action

A

Prime mover of arm flexion; rotates arm medially; adducts arm

75
Q

Deltoid action

A

Prime mover of arm abduction; involved with arm flexion and extension

76
Q

Latissimus dorsi action

A

Prime mover of arm extension; powerful arm adductor; medially rotates arm at shoulder

77
Q

Subscapularis action

A

Chief medial rotator of humerus

78
Q

Supraspinatus action

A

Initiates abduction

79
Q

Infraspinatus action

A

Rotates humerus laterally

80
Q

Teres minor action

A

Same as infraspinatus

81
Q

Teres major action

A

Extends, medially rotates, and adducts humerus

82
Q

Pectoralis major

A
  • Sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6

- Fibers converge to a short tendon which inserts into intertubercular sulcus & humerus

83
Q

Deltoid

A

-Insertion of trapezius; lateral clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
-Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus

84
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

-Indirect attachment via lumbodorsal fascia into spines of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae,
lower 3-4 ribs, and iliac crest
-Spirals around teres major to insert in floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

85
Q

Subscapularis

A
  • Subscapular fossa of scapula

- Lesser tubercle of humerus

86
Q

Supraspinatus

A
  • Supraspinous fossa of scapula

- Superior part of greater tubercle of humerus

87
Q

Infraspinatus

A
  • Infraspinous fossa of scapula

- Greater tubercle of humerus

88
Q

Teres minor

A
  • Lateral border of dorsal scapular surface

- Greater tubercle of humerus

89
Q

Teres major

A
  • Posterior surface of scapula

- Lesser tubercle of humerus

Cadaver (10 decks)

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