Lower limb Flashcards
What are the nerve roots of the sural nerve?
S1,2
Where does the sural nerve come from?
Medial sural cutaneous nerve (from tibial nerve) and lateral sural cutaneous nerve (from common fibular nerve)
What areas of skin does the sural nerve supply?
Posterolateral aspect of the distal third of the leg, ankle, foot and heel
What is the pathway of the sural nerve?
It runs alongside the small saphenous vein, it descends between the two heads of gastrocnemius
Which vein does the small saphenous vein drain into?
The popliteal vein
What is the pathway of the small saphenous vein?
It comes from the foot posterior to the lateral malleolus, then ascends along the posterior surface of the leg between the heads of gastrocnemius
What are the attachments of gastrocnemius?
O: Lateral head: posterolateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur. Medial head: posterior surface of medial femoral condyle, posterior femoral shaft
I: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
What is the innervation to gastrocnemius?
Tibial nerve (S1,2)
What is the function of gastrocnemius?
Knee joint: leg flexion
Talocrural joint: foot plantar flexion. Explosive movements
What are the attachments of soleus?
O: Soleal line, medial border of tibia, head and posterior border of fibula
I: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
What is the innervation to soleus?
Tibial nerve (S1,2)
What is the function of soleus?
Talocrural joint: Foot plantar flexion
What artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?
Posterior tibial artery
Which muscles does the common fibular nerve supply?
Anterior leg muscles (tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus). lateral leg muscles (fibularis longus, fibularis brevis) Dorsal foot muscles (extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis)
Which areas of skin are supplied by the common fibular nerve?
Anterolateral leg, dorsum of foot, skin of webspace between great and 2nd toe
What are the nerve roots of the common fibular nerve?
L4-S2
What are the two main divisions of the common fibular nerve?
Deep - supplying muscles
Superficial - supplying skin
What is the pathway of the tibial nerve?
Descends from popliteal fossa into posterior compartment of the leg, deep to soleus, passes behind the medial malleolus to enter the sole of the foot
What are the nerve roots of the tibial nerve?
L4-S3
Which muscles does the tibial nerve supply?
Posterior compartment of the leg, intrinsic muscles on the sole of the foot
Which areas of skin does the tibial nerve supply?
Skin of the posterolateral leg (sural nerve), lateral foot, sole of foot
What are the attachments of plantaris?
O: Lateral supracondylar line of femur
I: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
What is the innervation to plantaris?
Tibial nerve (S1,2)
What are the actions of plantaris?
Foot plantar flexion and knee flexion