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Human Anatomy MSc Sheffield - trunk and limb > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

What is the socket of the shoulder joint called?

A

The glenoid fossa

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2
Q

Where is the superior nuchal line?

A

A ridge running transversely along the occiput

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3
Q

What are the origins of trapezius?

A

External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of C1-T12

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4
Q

What are the insertions of trapezius?

A

Lateral 1/3rd of the clavicle, superior crest of spine of scapula, medial aspect of scapula

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5
Q

What is the innervation to the trapezius muscle?

A 
Accessory nerve (CNXI)
Sensory C3-4
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6
Q

What are the three parts of the trapezius muscle?

A

Descending, transverse and ascending part

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7
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius muscle?

A

Medial movement of the scapula, (Descending part also does extension of neck, ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation)

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8
Q

Which arteries supply trapezius?

A

D: Occipital artery
T: Transverse cervical artery
A: Dorsal scapula artery

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9
Q

What is the dorsal scapula artery a branch of?

A

The transverse cervical artery

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10
Q

What does the dorsal scapula artery supply?

A

Levator scapulae, latissimus dorsi, trapezius and rhomboid muscles (superficial back muscles)

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11
Q

What are the four parts of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

Vertebral, iliac, costal and scapular part

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12
Q

What are the origins of latissimus dorsi?

A

Spinous processes of T7-T12, posterior 1/3rd of the crest of ilium, ribs 9-12, inferior angle of the scapula

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13
Q

What is the insertion of latissimus dorsi?

A

Floor of Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus, between pec major and teres major (lady between two majors)

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14
Q

What is the innervation to latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

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15
Q

What is the blood supply to latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal artery mainly

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16
Q

What are the actions of latissimus dorsi?

A

Arm internal rotation, adduction, extension, assists in respiration

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17
Q

What are the attachments of

the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

nuchal ligament, spinous processes, median crest of the sacrum

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18
Q

Which muscles attach onto the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus, hamstrings

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19
Q

What are the attachments of rhomboid minor?

A

O: Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T1
I: Medial end of spine of scapula

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20
Q

What are the attachments of rhomboid major?

A

O: Spinous processes of T2-T5
I: Medial border of scapula

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21
Q

What is the action of the rhomboids?

A

Draws scapula superomedially

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22
Q

What is the innervation to the rhomboids?

A

Dorsal scapula nerve (C4-5)

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23
Q

What are the attachments of levator scapulae?

A

O: Transverse processes of C1-4
I: Medial border of the scapula

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24
Q

What are the actions of levator scapulae?

A

Draws scapula superomedially, ipsilateral lateral flexion of the neck, extension of the neck

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25
Q

What is the innervation to levator scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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26
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the back?

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboids and levator scapulae

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27
Q

What are the intermediate muscles of the back?

A

Serratus posterior superior, and serratus posterior inferior

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28
Q

What are the attachments of serratus posterior superior?

A

O: Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3
I: Superior border of ribs 2-5

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29
Q

What are the attachments of serratus posterior inferior?

A

O: Spinous processes of T11-L2
I: Inferior borders of ribs 9-12

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30
Q

What is the action of serratus posterior superior?

A

Elevates ribs

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31
Q

What is the action of serratus posterior inferior?

A

Depresses ribs

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32
Q

What are the deep muscles of the back?

A

Splenius, erector spinae (spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis), semispinalis, multifidus

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33
Q

What are the attachments of splenius capitis?

A

O: spinous processes of C7-T3
I: Lateral superior nuchal line of occipital bone, mastoid process

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34
Q

What is the action of splenius capitis?

A

Neck extension

Ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation of the head

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35
Q

What are the attachments of splenius cervicis?

A

O: spinous processes of T3-6 vertebrae
I: Transverse processes of C1-3 vertebrae

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36
Q

What are the actions of splenius cervicis?

A

Neck extension

Ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation of the head

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37
Q

What are the three erector spinae muscles? (Medial to lateral)

A

Spinalis, longissimus and iliocostalis

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38
Q

What is the function of the erector spinae muscles?

A

Bilateral contraction extends the spine, unilateral contraction does ipsilateral lateral flexion

39
Q

What are the three divisions of the spinalis muscle?

A

Capitis, colli and thoracis

40
Q

What are the three divisions of the longissimus muscle?

A

Capitis, Colli, Thoracis

41
Q

What are the three divisions of the iliocostalis muscle?

A

Colli, thoracis, lumborum

42
Q

What are the attachments of semispinalis capitis?

A

O: Articular processes of C4-7, transverse processes of T1-6
I: Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone

43
Q

What are the actions of the semispinalis muscles?

A

Neck and spine extension,

Ipsilateral lateral flexion, contralateral rotation

44
Q

What are the attachments of semispinalis cervicis?

A

O: Transverse processes T1-6
I: Spinous processes C2-5

45
Q

What are the attachments of semispinalis thoracis?

A

Transverse processes: T6-10

I: Spinous processes C6-T4

46
Q

What are the attachments of the multifidus muscles?

A

From the transverse processes to the spinous processes of the vertebrae 2-5 levels above

47
Q

What are the three parts of the deltoid muscle?

A

Clavicular (anterior)
Acromial (middle)
Spinal (posterior)

48
Q

What are the origins of the deltoid?

A

‘Deltoid helps you carry SACs)
S: Spine of scapula
A: Acromion
C: Lateral 1/3rd Clavicle

49
Q

What is the insertion of the deltoid?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

50
Q

Which nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?

A

Axillary nerve (C5,6)

51
Q

What are the actions of deltoid?

A

Clavicular: flexion, int rotation
Acromial: abduction
Spinal: Extension, ext rotation

52
Q

Which part of the abduction arc does deltoid contribute to?

A

Abduction beyond the first 15 degrees

53
Q

What are the spinal roots of the axillary nerve?

A

C5,6

54
Q

What muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

Teres minor and deltoid muscles

55
Q

Where is the quadrangular space?

A

Between humerus, teres major, teres minor and long head of biceps brachii

56
Q

What important structures pass through the quadrangular space?

A

Axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humoral artery and vein

57
Q

Where are the circumflex humeral arteries?

A

They come off the axillary artery at the axilla and go around the surgical neck of the humerus

58
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A

Teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and subscapularis

59
Q

Which artery does the subscapular artery come off?

A

The axillary artery at the axilla

60
Q

Which muscles does the subscapular nerve innervate?

A

Subscapularis and teres major

61
Q

What are the attachments of supraspinatus?

A

O: Supraspinatus fossa of scapula
I: Superior fossa of greater tubercle of humerus

62
Q

What is the action of supraspinatus?

A

Abduction, stabilization of glenohumoral joint

63
Q

What is the innervation to supraspinatus?

A

The suprascapular nerve (C5,6)

Suprascapular artery provides blood supply

64
Q

What are the attachments of infraspinatus?

A

O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Middle fossa of greater tubercle of humerus

65
Q

What are the actions of infraspinatus?

A

External rotation, stabilization of glenohumoral joint

66
Q

What is the innervation to infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5,6)

67
Q

What are the attachments of teres minor?

A

O: Lateral border of scapula?
I: inferior fossa of greater tubercle of humerus

68
Q

What are the actions of teres minor?

A

External rotation, adduction, stabilization of glenohumoral joint

69
Q

What is the innervation to teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve (C5,6)

70
Q

What are the attachments of subscapularis?

A

O: Subscapular fossa of scapula
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus

71
Q

What is the innervation to subscapularis?

A

Subscapular nerves (C5,6)

72
Q

What are the actions of subscapularis?

A

Internal rotation

Stabilisation of glenohumoral joint

73
Q

What are the attachments of teres major?

A

O: Inferior angle of scapula
I: Medial lip of Intertubecular sulcus of humerus

74
Q

What is the innervation to teres major?

A

Lower subscapular nerve

75
Q

What are the actions of teres major?

A

Extension and internal rotation of the humerus

76
Q

Where does the suprascapular nerve sit?

A

Deep to infraspinatus

77
Q

What is the innervation to serratus posterior superior?

A

Intercostal nerves 2-5

78
Q

What is the innervation to serratus posterior inferior?

A

Intercostal nerves 9-12

79
Q

What is the vertebrae prominens?

A

The spinous process of C7 - a palpable prominence in the back at the bottom of the neck

80
Q

What is the nuchal ligament?

A

A fibrous band from external occipital protuberance to C7, an attachment site for muscles

81
Q

What muscle attaches to the spine of scapula?

A

Deltoid, posterior head

82
Q

Which muscle lies deep to subscapularis?

A

Serratus anterior

83
Q

Which muscle initiates shoulder abduction?

A

Supraspinatus

84
Q

Which structure separates the intervertebral disks from the spinal cord?

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

85
Q

Which structures pass through the quadrangular space?

A

Axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humeral artery

86
Q

Which muscle initiates shoulder abduction?

A

Supraspinatus

87
Q

Which fibres attach periosteum to bone?

A

Sharpeys fibres

88
Q

Which ligament runs between the posterior of the spinous processes?

A

supraspinal ligament

89
Q

Which two spinous ligaments lie closest to the spinal cord?

A

The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments - run either side of the vertebral bodies

90
Q

Where is the ligamentum flavum?

A

Between the lamina of adjacent vertebrae

91
Q

What are the layers of anatomical structures which the needle passes in order to reach cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Skin, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, epidural space, subdural space, subarachnoid space

92
Q

Mammilary processes are found in which vertebra?

A

Lumbar

93
Q

What level does the adult spinal cord end?

A

L1-L2

94
Q

Which ligament connects the lamina of adjacent vertebrae?

A

Ligamentum flavum

Human Anatomy MSc Sheffield - trunk and limb (13 decks)

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