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Human Anatomy MSc Sheffield - trunk and limb > Back > Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the socket of the shoulder joint called?

A

The glenoid fossa

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2
Q

Where is the superior nuchal line?

A

A ridge running transversely along the occiput

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3
Q

What are the origins of trapezius?

A

External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of C1-T12

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4
Q

What are the insertions of trapezius?

A

Lateral 1/3rd of the clavicle, superior crest of spine of scapula, medial aspect of scapula

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5
Q

What is the innervation to the trapezius muscle?

A 
Accessory nerve (CNXI)
Sensory C3-4
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6
Q

What are the three parts of the trapezius muscle?

A

Descending, transverse and ascending part

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7
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius muscle?

A

Medial movement of the scapula, (Descending part also does extension of neck, ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation)

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8
Q

Which arteries supply trapezius?

A

D: Occipital artery
T: Transverse cervical artery
A: Dorsal scapula artery

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9
Q

What is the dorsal scapula artery a branch of?

A

The transverse cervical artery

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10
Q

What does the dorsal scapula artery supply?

A

Levator scapulae, latissimus dorsi, trapezius and rhomboid muscles (superficial back muscles)

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11
Q

What are the four parts of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

Vertebral, iliac, costal and scapular part

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12
Q

What are the origins of latissimus dorsi?

A

Spinous processes of T7-T12, posterior 1/3rd of the crest of ilium, ribs 9-12, inferior angle of the scapula

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13
Q

What is the insertion of latissimus dorsi?

A

Floor of Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus, between pec major and teres major (lady between two majors)

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14
Q

What is the innervation to latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

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15
Q

What is the blood supply to latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal artery mainly

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16
Q

What are the actions of latissimus dorsi?

A

Arm internal rotation, adduction, extension, assists in respiration

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17
Q

What are the attachments of

the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

nuchal ligament, spinous processes, median crest of the sacrum

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18
Q

Which muscles attach onto the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus, hamstrings

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19
Q

What are the attachments of rhomboid minor?

A

O: Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T1
I: Medial end of spine of scapula

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20
Q

What are the attachments of rhomboid major?

A

O: Spinous processes of T2-T5
I: Medial border of scapula

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21
Q

What is the action of the rhomboids?

A

Draws scapula superomedially

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22
Q

What is the innervation to the rhomboids?

A

Dorsal scapula nerve (C4-5)

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23
Q

What are the attachments of levator scapulae?

A

O: Transverse processes of C1-4
I: Medial border of the scapula

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24
Q

What are the actions of levator scapulae?

A

Draws scapula superomedially, ipsilateral lateral flexion of the neck, extension of the neck

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25
What is the innervation to levator scapulae?
Dorsal scapular nerve
26
What are the superficial muscles of the back?
trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboids and levator scapulae
27
What are the intermediate muscles of the back?
Serratus posterior superior, and serratus posterior inferior
28
What are the attachments of serratus posterior superior?
O: Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3 I: Superior border of ribs 2-5
29
What are the attachments of serratus posterior inferior?
O: Spinous processes of T11-L2 I: Inferior borders of ribs 9-12
30
What is the action of serratus posterior superior?
Elevates ribs
31
What is the action of serratus posterior inferior?
Depresses ribs
32
What are the deep muscles of the back?
Splenius, erector spinae (spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis), semispinalis, multifidus
33
What are the attachments of splenius capitis?
O: spinous processes of C7-T3 I: Lateral superior nuchal line of occipital bone, mastoid process
34
What is the action of splenius capitis?
Neck extension | Ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation of the head
35
What are the attachments of splenius cervicis?
O: spinous processes of T3-6 vertebrae I: Transverse processes of C1-3 vertebrae
36
What are the actions of splenius cervicis?
Neck extension | Ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation of the head
37
What are the three erector spinae muscles? (Medial to lateral)
Spinalis, longissimus and iliocostalis
38
What is the function of the erector spinae muscles?
Bilateral contraction extends the spine, unilateral contraction does ipsilateral lateral flexion
39
What are the three divisions of the spinalis muscle?
Capitis, colli and thoracis
40
What are the three divisions of the longissimus muscle?
Capitis, Colli, Thoracis
41
What are the three divisions of the iliocostalis muscle?
Colli, thoracis, lumborum
42
What are the attachments of semispinalis capitis?
O: Articular processes of C4-7, transverse processes of T1-6 I: Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone
43
What are the actions of the semispinalis muscles?
Neck and spine extension, | Ipsilateral lateral flexion, contralateral rotation
44
What are the attachments of semispinalis cervicis?
O: Transverse processes T1-6 I: Spinous processes C2-5
45
What are the attachments of semispinalis thoracis?
Transverse processes: T6-10 | I: Spinous processes C6-T4
46
What are the attachments of the multifidus muscles?
From the transverse processes to the spinous processes of the vertebrae 2-5 levels above
47
What are the three parts of the deltoid muscle?
Clavicular (anterior) Acromial (middle) Spinal (posterior)
48
What are the origins of the deltoid?
'Deltoid helps you carry SACs) S: Spine of scapula A: Acromion C: Lateral 1/3rd Clavicle
49
What is the insertion of the deltoid?
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
50
Which nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?
Axillary nerve (C5,6)
51
What are the actions of deltoid?
Clavicular: flexion, int rotation Acromial: abduction Spinal: Extension, ext rotation
52
Which part of the abduction arc does deltoid contribute to?
Abduction beyond the first 15 degrees
53
What are the spinal roots of the axillary nerve?
C5,6
54
What muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?
Teres minor and deltoid muscles
55
Where is the quadrangular space?
Between humerus, teres major, teres minor and long head of biceps brachii
56
What important structures pass through the quadrangular space?
Axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humoral artery and vein
57
Where are the circumflex humeral arteries?
They come off the axillary artery at the axilla and go around the surgical neck of the humerus
58
What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
Teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and subscapularis
59
Which artery does the subscapular artery come off?
The axillary artery at the axilla
60
Which muscles does the subscapular nerve innervate?
Subscapularis and teres major
61
What are the attachments of supraspinatus?
O: Supraspinatus fossa of scapula I: Superior fossa of greater tubercle of humerus
62
What is the action of supraspinatus?
Abduction, stabilization of glenohumoral joint
63
What is the innervation to supraspinatus?
The suprascapular nerve (C5,6) | Suprascapular artery provides blood supply
64
What are the attachments of infraspinatus?
O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula I: Middle fossa of greater tubercle of humerus
65
What are the actions of infraspinatus?
External rotation, stabilization of glenohumoral joint
66
What is the innervation to infraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve (C5,6)
67
What are the attachments of teres minor?
O: Lateral border of scapula? I: inferior fossa of greater tubercle of humerus
68
What are the actions of teres minor?
External rotation, adduction, stabilization of glenohumoral joint
69
What is the innervation to teres minor?
Axillary nerve (C5,6)
70
What are the attachments of subscapularis?
O: Subscapular fossa of scapula I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
71
What is the innervation to subscapularis?
Subscapular nerves (C5,6)
72
What are the actions of subscapularis?
Internal rotation | Stabilisation of glenohumoral joint
73
What are the attachments of teres major?
O: Inferior angle of scapula I: Medial lip of Intertubecular sulcus of humerus
74
What is the innervation to teres major?
Lower subscapular nerve
75
What are the actions of teres major?
Extension and internal rotation of the humerus
76
Where does the suprascapular nerve sit?
Deep to infraspinatus
77
What is the innervation to serratus posterior superior?
Intercostal nerves 2-5
78
What is the innervation to serratus posterior inferior?
Intercostal nerves 9-12
79
What is the vertebrae prominens?
The spinous process of C7 - a palpable prominence in the back at the bottom of the neck
80
What is the nuchal ligament?
A fibrous band from external occipital protuberance to C7, an attachment site for muscles
81
What muscle attaches to the spine of scapula?
Deltoid, posterior head
82
Which muscle lies deep to subscapularis?
Serratus anterior
83
Which muscle initiates shoulder abduction?
Supraspinatus
84
Which structure separates the intervertebral disks from the spinal cord?
Posterior longitudinal ligament
85
Which structures pass through the quadrangular space?
Axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humeral artery
86
Which muscle initiates shoulder abduction?
Supraspinatus
87
Which fibres attach periosteum to bone?
Sharpeys fibres
88
Which ligament runs between the posterior of the spinous processes?
supraspinal ligament
89
Which two spinous ligaments lie closest to the spinal cord?
The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments - run either side of the vertebral bodies
90
Where is the ligamentum flavum?
Between the lamina of adjacent vertebrae
91
What are the layers of anatomical structures which the needle passes in order to reach cerebrospinal fluid?
Skin, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, epidural space, subdural space, subarachnoid space
92
Mammilary processes are found in which vertebra?
Lumbar
93
What level does the adult spinal cord end?
L1-L2
94
Which ligament connects the lamina of adjacent vertebrae?
Ligamentum flavum

Human Anatomy MSc Sheffield - trunk and limb (13 decks)

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